To help the CIA track down Osama bin Laden, a Pakistani doctor led a phony vaccination campaign meant to score DNA samples from kids thought to be fathered by the al Qaeda leader.

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akistan has convicted a doctor named Shakil Afridi of treason and sentenced him to 33 years in prison because he tried to help the CIA identify Osama bin Laden.  Afridi, viewed as a traitor by his government, was arrested after the U.S. raid that killed the al Qaeda leader, and Islamabad has ignored U.S. calls for his release. Is there anything Washington can do for him? Here's what you should know:

What exactly was Afridi's supposed crime?
He led a phony hepatitis B vaccination campaign in an attempt to get DNA samples from the children in the compound in Abbottabad where the al Qaeda leader was believed to be hiding. The CIA wanted to compare the genetic makeup of the kids to DNA samples collected from other bin Laden family members elsewhere to confirm that Osama and his relatives were indeed inside. Because Afridi cooperated with the U.S. in a secret operation that Pakistan considered a violation of its sovereignty, he was accused of high treason and conspiring against his own government.

Is there any hope for him?
Afridi can appeal, and his family might be able to get the verdict thrown out by arguing that the tribal court where he was tried has no jurisdiction. (Afridi was tried not in Abbottabad, but rather in Pakistan's semiautonomous tribal region on the Afghan border, where he once served as a surgeon.) Human rights groups have criticized the rules of the court, in which defendants have no right to legal representation and can't cross-examine witnesses. But Afridi is lucky in one sense: Treason doesn't carry the death penalty in the tribal regions. If he had been convicted under national law, he might have been executed.

Can't the U.S. step in to help?
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton has called for Afridi's release, and the State Department disputes the treason charge since Afridi was helping to catch a terrorist — something both Washington and Islamabad have vowed to do. Some in Congress want to go further. The U.S. should cut off the hundreds of millions in aid that we send to Islamabad, says Rep. Dana Rohrabacher (R-Calif.), to "send a message that it doesn't pay to confront America."

Sources: Associated Press, CNN, Express Tribune, Los Angeles Times