March 4

On this day. 1797: In his inaugural address, President John Adams warned Americans not to lose sight of the ongoing threat to American liberty. Adams's inaugural was very colorful. It was the only time that outgoing President George Washington, Vice-President Thomas Jefferson, who had been sworn in earlier that day, and Adams had ever appeared together at such a high-profile event. Before being sworn in, the president-elect told his soon-to-be First Lady Abigail, that he was a nervous wreck, and that he felt as if he were on stage playing a part in a play. It was, he said, "the most affecting and overpowering scene I ever acted in."

Adams' inaugural speech was full of his gratitude of a free republican government, for state's rights, and of his belief in expanded education for all the people, both to enlarge the happiness of life and as essential to the preservation of freedom. Adams was also the first president to be sworn in by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (Oliver Ellsworth). Outgoing President George Washington, who declined to run for a third term, seemed relieved to relinquish the burden of the presidency; it was, historians said, as if a great weight had been removed from his shoulders.

On this day. 1829: To celebrate his inaugural, President Andrew Jackson hosted an open house at the White House. Inaugural open house events at the White House ended in 1885 for security reasons; Grover Cleveland opted to host an inaugural parade instead.

On this day. 1865: In one of the greatest inaugural addresses in American history, Abraham Lincoln, beginning his second term as president, spoke at a time of triumph: The Civil War was winding down and slavery receding into the history books. Yet Lincoln, filled with sadness and reflection, spoke not of victory, but of the damage that had been done to the country. He reminded both victor and vanquished that both sides had erred in going to war, despite their bitter disagreement over the war's central issue, slavery.

"With malice toward none; with charity for all," Lincoln said, "let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds."

The address is inscribed, along with his Gettysburg Address, in the Lincoln Memorial in Washington. In 2012 Peter Hitchens described the address as "one of the most overwhelming pieces of political prose ever crafted in any language."

Lincoln had no way of knowing, of course, that in the crowd that day was the actor John Wilkes Booth — who would assassinate the president just six weeks later.

On this day. 1933: Franklin D. Roosevelt was sworn in, beginning a frenetic "100 Days" of legislative action against which all successors have since been measured.

On this day. 1987: Acknowledging a "mistake," President Reagan took full responsibility for the Iran-Contra affair. Iran-Contra — the trading of arms for hostages in Iran and funding of rebels in Nicaragua — led to the convictions of 11 Reagan administration officials (some were vacated on appeal). There was talk of impeaching the president, though no conclusive evidence ever emerged showing that Reagan (despite took responsibility for the scandal) authorized the Iran-Contra deal.

Quote of the day

"With malice toward none; with charity for all...let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds." -Abraham Lincoln

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* Reagan on the White House press corps