The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is struggling. The agency tasked with protecting the health of U.S. citizens has lost a quarter of its staffers over the last year, morale is lousy for those who remain and for the moment the organization has no leader: Its last Senate-confirmed director was ousted in August and no replacement has been chosen.

Health and Human Services Secretary (HHS) Robert F. Kennedy Jr. promised to restore trust in the CDC following the Covid-19 pandemic. But can his “Make America Healthy Again” (MAHA) movement survive the turmoil?

Why MAHA might be stalled

Kennedy’s MAHA agenda “appears to be stalled,” said The Guardian. The CDC lacks a director, and Trump’s nomination of Casey Means to be U.S. surgeon general is “stuck in limbo” in the Senate. But the administration “isn’t ready to nominate a new CDC director” despite a deadline of last week to do so, said CNN. Administration officials are still “evaluating candidates” who can shift the CDC “to its original mission of fighting infectious disease,” said HHS spokesperson Andrew Nixon.

The CDC nomination delay comes as MAHA and Kennedy “appear to be on the ropes,” Tom Bartlett said at The Atlantic. MAHA supporters are “angry” that Trump is shielding herbicide makers from legal liability. The Food and Drug Administration’s vaccine chief just left the agency, a federal judge put a hold on Kennedy’s anti-vaccine agenda and the Kennedy-allied vice chair of the CDC’s vaccine advisory panel resigned last week. Those events, taken together, suggest the secretary’s hold on power is “waning.” A December poll “seems to have scared the White House off Kennedy’s vaccine agenda.” The result: Kenedy is “losing his grip on the CDC.”

The agency is meanwhile in “turmoil,” said The New York Times. Insiders say it is being “remade into a vehicle for ideologues” who share Kennedy’s anti-vaccine agenda. The shift prompted a staff exodus that leaves public health advocates concerned that Americans will be “increasingly exposed to a wide range of health threats” amid surges of measles, whooping cough and flu infections.

White House avoids controversy

Federal law says that acting agency directors “may not serve in the role for more than 210 days,” said The Hill. That deadline passed last week. National Institutes of Health Director Jay Bhattacharya, who had been serving as acting director, has been “delegated to provide continuity in day-to-day CDC processes” until a permanent replacement is confirmed, said a White House spokesperson.

Getting Senate confirmation is a “potentially tall order,” said Axios. Kennedy and other Trump health appointees have “antagonized some of the chamber’s Republican centrists.” The White House is especially “eager to avoid further controversial health moves” ahead of November’s midterm elections. So Trump’s eventual CDC pick “may need both MAHA and science chops,” said Roll Call. Key GOP senators “want a moderate public servant” who can last in the job. The administration, said Sen. Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska), does not have a “very encouraging track record thus far.”

Public satisfaction with the NHS has increased for the first time since 2019.

But although 26% of British adults questioned in the British Social Attitudes survey were satisfied with the health service – an increase of 6% from 2024 – the majority, some 51%, said they were dissatisfied with their experience. That “sounds more like a cause for concern than celebration”, said The Guardian in an editorial.

Puzzling findings

“The public appears inclined to accept the government’s narrative of a broken system being painstakingly put back together.” But hospital waiting lists are “still huge”, NHS dentistry has “probably never been in a weaker state” and there’s “justified impatience” on lagging social care provision. So “having pronounced the NHS ‘broken’”, Wes Streeting and his Department of Health and Social Care colleagues must “hurry up with their repairs”.

Still, the survey results, published by The King's Fund think tank, suggest the health service is “finally on the long road to recovery”, said The Mirror. The “gold standard assessment” found that the Labour government’s first full year in power “saw the greatest fall in dissatisfaction” in the NHS since “New Labour’s first full year in power in 1998”.

“Puzzlingly,” said Joseph Freer, from Queen Mary University of London, on The Conversation, “overall satisfaction rose”, but there was “no corresponding rise in satisfaction with each individual NHS service: GPs, A&E, dentistry and hospital care”.

This might be because services “did genuinely improve”, but the survey “simply did not poll enough people about each individual service to reliably detect small improvements”. Or perhaps the “political context” has “shifted”: a European study found that how people “feel about” the health system is now “influenced by things outside it”, such as “the political climate and what they see in the media”.

Skill shortage

While “debate” on the NHS “typically focuses on funding, waiting lists and plans for reform”, said Chris Day, chair of the Russell Group, in The Times, the system’s “most fundamental constraint” is that it “does not have enough skilled people”.

There are more than 100,000 vacancies across the wider “health ecosystem” and “demand for staff is rising faster than the system is able to meet”, thanks to “an ageing population, rising chronic illness and growing expectations”. So the “real solution” to improve the NHS experience is to increase “training capacity” and support a “range of alternative career paths into healthcare”.

Everyone should care, because the fate of the NHS is “a question that matters even to those who rarely use” it, said Chris Smyth in the Financial Times. Its budget of £200 billion “dwarfs any other public service” and will hugely “determine” whether Rachel Reeves imposes more tax rises.

The issue is also “central” to Labour’s “tenuous hopes of political recovery”; if Labour can’t convince voters it’s “fixing the NHS”, it “will have little else to offer”. But if it can “demonstrate tangible improvement” it will have a “powerful argument” against Nigel Farage, who has “repeatedly questioned whether the NHS funding model can survive”.

The thousands of people who crowded into Club Chemistry in Canterbury on the nights of 5, 6 and 7 March had no idea they were attending meningitis super-spreader events, said Lara Wildenberg in The Times. But it is now clear that as these youngsters shared drinks and vapes, kissed and danced, MenB was passing between them.

Cautiously optimistic

On 13 March, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) was notified by a hospital in Kent of a confirmed case of meningitis in a patient who had been admitted two days earlier. It started contact tracing, but local students were told nothing and so continued to mix.

On 14 March, hospitals reported a surge in admissions of young people with symptoms of meningitis, and on the campus of the University of Kent the mood shifted, as a video clip of a student being wheeled away by paramedics circulated on WhatsApp. Finally, on Sunday 15 March, the UKHSA issued a public alert and launched a “full-scale response”. Over the next few days, thousands of people were given preventative antibiotics and MenB vaccines.

By the end of last week, there had been 20 confirmed cases of MenB, said The Guardian. All the patients had been hospitalised, and two had died: an unnamed student aged 21, and Juliette Kenny, 18, a local sixth-former. But with no cases reported since, health authorities are cautiously optimistic that the outbreak – the worst in the UK in a generation – has peaked.

Few youngsters are vaccinated

MenB can kill within hours of symptoms becoming apparent, said Laura Donnelly in The Telegraph, but these symptoms are easily mistaken for those of flu – or even a bad hangover. So why were students not alerted earlier?

What troubles me is that so few youngsters are vaccinated for this terrifying disease, said Camilla Tominey in the same paper. Aged 13 or 14, children are jabbed for other forms of meningitis, and since 2015, babies have been given MenB jabs. For everyone else, the only option is to get the jab privately (if they can – stocks are very low). There are reasons for this, said BBC News. Although a quarter of adolescents carry the meningococcal B bacteria, it is very rare that it causes disease.

The vaccine does not offer long-term protection: babies have it to protect them during infancy, when they are most vulnerable. And it doesn’t stop transmission, or work on all forms of MenB. Even so, there have long been calls for teenagers to be offered MenB jabs, and ministers have promised to review the policy. But even if teenagers are vaccinated, they won’t be totally safe, or safe for ever – so being alert to the symptoms of meningitis will remain vital.

The UK was once a “world leader” in organ transplants, said the BBC’s “File on 4 Investigates”. But it has “fallen behind”.

In 2024, the number of heart transplants carried out per million people in the UK was lower than in most European countries, thanks to a lack of investment, resources and “outdated” technology. Waiting lists for organs are at a record high, while family consent rates for donation have fallen dramatically since the “opt-out” presumed consent system was implemented.

What’s going wrong?

“Organ donation is in crisis,” said Martha Gill in The Observer. Last year, the waiting list for an organ reached its highest on record, according to NHS Blood and Transplant: an 8% year-on-year increase. “As a consequence, many will die waiting for a phone call.”

There are only five heart and lung transplant centres in England, and one heart transplant centre in Glasgow. Anyone living in Wales or Northern Ireland must travel for a transplant, and there is significant regional variation in waiting times.

Half of the six main centres have also “lost their top surgeon in the past two years”, said the BBC. Others are leaving for jobs abroad: a “brain drain” of experts. Without experienced mentors, junior surgeons are increasingly “risk averse” and only using the healthiest donated organs, said Jorge Mascaro, Birmingham’s former director of cardiothoracic transplants (now based in the US). “It’s getting worse.”

The number of organs donated in the UK per head is equal to, or greater than, most of Europe. But the NHS transplants far fewer hearts and lungs than most countries, said the BBC. “Some countries make use of twice as many.” Surgeons say this is down to a lack of equipment and new technologies used abroad, such as machines that can scan organs to check if they are diseased. Ice boxes are often still used to transport organs between hospitals, which can harden them.

Operations are also regularly cancelled thanks to a lack of theatre space, hospital beds or staff. Post-transplant patient care is crucial to prevent complications, but the NHS “continues to struggle” to provide long-term support: the UK’s five-year survival rates “lag behind”.

Has the opt-out system failed?

When the “opt-out” system of presumed consent was implemented in England in 2020, “expectations were high”, said Gill. But the number of donors has been “crashing”. In the year to March 2025, there was a 7% decrease in the number of deceased organ donors, according to the Organ and Tissue Donation and Transplantation Activity Report. Life-saving transplants also decreased by 2%.

Most people support organ donation in theory, and nearly half the population have signed the Organ Donor Register, according to Organ Donation. But relatives have the final say; family consent rates have dropped from 69% to 61% over the past five years. Surveys suggest a “common reason: they didn’t know what their relative wanted”, said The Observer. The types of deaths that make donation possible – usually traumatic, sudden deaths of young healthy people – make it even harder for families to decide.

The presumed consent of the opt-out system acts as a “weaker signal of underlying preference” than the active consent of an opt-in system, said researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in a 2024 paper. This “uncertainty” means families are “more likely to refuse consent”. Evidence suggests an opt-out model alone doesn’t boost donations: it must be accompanied by a framework of logistics, psychological support and education.

What can be done?

The NHS and campaigners are calling for “better education in schools”, said The Mirror: for organ donation to be included in curriculums, and campaigns particularly targeted at ethnic minorities (among whom the family consent rate is significantly lower).

Evidence suggests an opt-out model alone doesn’t boost donations. Countries must invest in healthcare infrastructure, psychological support for families, and public awareness campaigns to encourage people to discuss their wishes. Family consent rates increase to almost 90% if the deceased has done so.

A government-commissioned review of heart and lung transplant services, published in 2024, made various recommendations, including better holistic care, a single-service model across the multiple centres, and “rapid-short term actions to improve organ acceptance decision-making”, said NHS England.

NHS England has since been abolished; responsibility for transplant services now lies with the Department of Health and Social Care. In a statement to the BBC, the department said the government had inherited a broken NHS, and that it recognised the “systemic issues” facing transplantation. The government said it would write to the NHS demanding that it “urgently implement” the recommendations, to make transplant services “fit for the future”.

Male-pattern hair loss affects 80% of men at some point in their lifetime (and female-pattern hair loss affects half of all women over the age of 70). But “until recently, we knew remarkably little about how to slow, halt and reverse its seemingly inevitable onset”, said Tom Howarth on BBC Science Focus.

For all the recent messaging about “body positivity”, the search for a balding “fix” has become “increasingly desperate – and financially lucrative”, said Esquire. The hair-loss industry is well on track to be worth £9 billion by 2030.

Balding happens when hair follicles on parts of the scalp produce gradually thinner and lighter hairs, until eventually they shrink and stop producing hairs at all. Until now, conventional treatments have focused on drugs that might help stimulate hair follicles or stop them shrinking. But they don’t work for everyone, can have unpleasant side effects and aren’t always available on the NHS. Other “solutions”, from micropigmentation to hair transplants and scalp-reduction surgery, have mixed results and can be very expensive. But now scientists think they have found new ways to make things look much better up there.

Hair loss cures in the pipeline

“Declarations of hair loss cures” have always been “a dime a dozen,” said Popular Mechanics, but recently there have been signs of genuine progress with new techniques – either to replace shrinking hair follicles with healthy ones or to use stem cell therapy to regenerate hair growth.

An “early frontrunner” is hair cloning, said Howarth on BBC Science Focus. Also known as hair multiplication, it’s a form of “hair banking”: before baldness hits, healthy hair follicles are extracted from your scalp and cryogenically frozen; once hair-thinning starts, these follicles are taken to a lab and the skin cells around them are isolated and multiplied; these “cloned” cells are then injected into balding patches on your head to produce lovely new hairs. A few private clinics already offer hair cloning in the UK; it’s pricey but costs may come down as the market increases.

For those whose days of hair-banking possibility are long behind them, autologous fat grafting holds some promise. Stem cells, harvested from fat cells taken from the belly, are injected into the scalp to stimulate hair growth. A study review of this technique, published in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, found it to be “effective” in supporting hair regrowth and increasing hair density and diameter.

Meanwhile, in Japan, researchers are having success with their quest to grow hair follicles from scratch in a lab. Their “bioengineered hair follicle germ” has achieved follicle growth in mice, according to a study published in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. It’s a milestone in hair-treatment technologies, said Popular Mechanics.

Which is the most promising?

The “big one” is a drug called PP405, developed by US pharmaceutical company Pelage, said Lane Brown in New York Magazine. “The internet’s gathering places for the bald and balding” went wild when news broke that, in Pelage’s early clinical trials, it seemed not only to slow hair loss but to reactivate “parts of the scalp that have already surrendered”.

“We were blown away,” said Qing Yu Christina Weng, Pelage’s chief medical officer, told the magazine. After four weeks of applying the drug as a topical gel, not only were the treatment group “growing new hair where there wasn’t any before, it wasn’t peach fuzz or baby hair – it was proper, thick, terminal hair”. By week eight, 31% of those treated with PP405 had a 20% increase in hair density, compared to 0% in the placebo group, according to a Pelage press release.

The drug, which is designed to stimulate the activity of a metabolic enzyme called LDH in hair-follicle stem cells, still has further, bigger trials and safety tests to get through before it can be approved by regulators. But, if it is, its potential is obvious. “After decades of snake oil and broken promises,” it feels as though “the end of baldness” is within sight, said Brown. Call it “the faint stubble of hope”.

This super mineral is crucial for everyday health. But while many are taking it in supplement form in accordance with the latest social media trend, experts say there’s a healthier way of consuming the recommended amount in your diet.

Why is magnesium so popular?

The mineral is needed to “regulate our nerves, bones, immune system and blood sugar levels,” said The Independent. It is one of the most abundant minerals in the human body and is responsible for “more than 300 biochemical reactions,” including keeping the heartbeat steady and assisting in the production of energy and protein. Despite its abundance, the body does not naturally produce magnesium, so we need to acquire the mineral from food or supplements.

In the past few years, magnesium supplements have gone viral in social media wellness circles. It is the “key ingredient in #sleepygirlmocktails”, in which a powder is “stirred into tart cherry juice and prebiotic soda,” creating a “wellness cocktail for anxious millennials,” said Wired. People are “popping magnesium glycinate before bed instead of melatonin” because it “allegedly cures insomnia, constipation and existential dread.” Last year, Google searches for “which magnesium is best for sleep” and “which magnesium makes you poop” more than doubled.

Nutrients come “in and out of vogue in our society,” Whitney Linsenmeyer, a spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, said to Parents. Magnesium is “having a moment right now,” perhaps because it is an “important nutrient in supporting common health concerns” like sleep, anxiety and PMS.

Magnesium glycinate capsules are commonly used for sleep issues and anxiety. Magnesium citrate usage is trending for constipation relief. Many social media users have posted about their “lack of bowel movements” and how drinking magnesium citrate “went above and beyond (sometimes too far) to get them back on track,” said Parents.

Should we be taking the supplements?

Unless you have a magnesium deficiency, “magnesium supplements aren’t essential,” said Wired. If you are struggling with “migraines, insomnia or other conditions where research suggests health benefits,” they may be worth trying, but “first talk to a health care professional.” Instead of supplements, you can focus on consuming “magnesium-rich foods” such as legumes, leafy greens, whole grains, nuts, fruits and soy products. Dark chocolate is also a good source of magnesium.

Deficiencies can be difficult to detect, Louise Dye, a professor of nutrition and behavior at the University of Sheffield, said to the BBC. Still, it is believed that we’re not getting enough magnesium from our food. Over the past 60 years, “intensive farming practices have caused a significant depletion of the mineral content of the soil,” including a “decrease in magnesium of up to 30%.” Additionally, “western diets typically have a greater proportion of processed food, where numerous products are mostly refined,” leading to magnesium being “depleted by up to 80-90% in the process.”

Supplements can be risky, however, and “overdosing may even be deadly,” said The Independent. Too much magnesium from food “does not pose a health risk in healthy individuals because the kidneys eliminate excess amounts in the urine,” the National Institutes of Health said. But high doses of magnesium from dietary supplements or medications “often result in diarrhea that can be accompanied by nausea and abdominal cramping.” Other symptoms may include low blood pressure, thirst, drowsiness, muscle weakness and slow or shallow breathing. Extremely high doses can lead to irregular heartbeats or even cause the heart to stop altogether, according to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.

Warming temperatures from climate change will likely lead to high levels of physical inactivity in the future, which could have significant public health implications. Heat leads to dehydration, exhaustion and overall inhospitable conditions. Regions with less air conditioning and cooling facilities will see the highest reduction in activity, but without intervention, more places will be affected.

Running hot

Rising temperatures are “projected to increase the prevalence of physical inactivity, translating into additional premature deaths and productivity losses,” said a study published in The Lancet Global Health. The study analyzed data from 156 countries between 2000 and 2022 to create a model for future physical activity globally. The results showed that by 2050 “each additional month with an average temperature above 27.8°C (82°F) would increase physical inactivity by 1.5 percentage points globally and by 1.85 percentage points in low- and middle-income countries,” said a release about the study.

With this reduction in physical activity, there would be a “predicted 0.47-0.70 million additional premature deaths annually and $2.40-3.68 billion in productivity losses,” said the release. The effects were mostly concentrated in low- and middle-income countries, and “some hot spot countries closer to the equator show estimated increases in physical inactivity of more than 4 percentage points by 2050,” said The Washington Post. On the other hand, high-income countries had no discernible difference in physical activity levels because they tend to have better infrastructure to combat heat.

The inactivity levels would increase gradually. The “real-world picture is usually not that people suddenly stop moving altogether,” the study’s lead author Christian Garcia-Witulski, a research fellow at the Lancet Countdown Latin America and a professor at the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, said to the Post. Instead, “heat gradually erodes the safe, comfortable and practical opportunities people have to stay active in everyday life.” Warmer temperatures would hinder activities such as “jogging outdoors or walking to work, particularly in areas which don’t have strong adaptive measures like proper shading or cool pavements,” said Time.

Internal conflict

Even without the climate pressure, “nearly one third (31%) of the world’s adult population, 1.8 billion adults, are physically inactive,” said the World Health Organization (WHO). Between 2010 and 2022, the number of people who “do not meet the global recommendations of at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week” increased by 5%. Climate change is only expected to increase the number further. While lower-income countries face the brunt of the decrease in physical activity, “the pattern was not uniform,” and “some colder areas, such as North America, Argentina and South Africa, also report high rates of physical inactivity,” said the study.

“Outdoor laborers, street vendors and subsistence farmers cannot easily shift physical exertion to cooler hours,” said the study. Also, “women and adolescents often lack access to climate-controlled recreational spaces.” Physical activity “contributes to prevention and management of noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes and reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety,” said WHO.

“The link between physical inactivity and chronic diseases is so strong that any compromise to achieving regular exercise” will “pose broad public health risks,” Jonathan Patz, the chair of health and the environment at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, said to the Post. Prioritizing reducing greenhouse gas emissions as well as building cooling infrastructure will be necessary for human health.

People agree that smoking is bad for you, but nicotine has far from gone up in smoke. Levels of American adults smoking cigarettes hit a record low in 2024, but nicotine products like vapes, patches and gum are alive and well.

Of the wide array of nicotine products, none have been picking up speed the way pouches like Zyn and On! have. These products are usually the size of a piece of gum and are held in the mouth between the gums and teeth, which slowly releases nicotine into the body. While mainly touted as a method to quit smoking, the pouches have made their way into the wellness spaces and are also being used as a tool to improve concentration.

How are nicotine pouches gaining popularity?

For those looking to quit smoking, nicotine pouches are considered to be the “least harmful nicotine option” because they are not known to “cause cancer, lung disease or other ailments,” by themselves, said The Wall Street Journal. But nicotine pouch usage is not exclusive to those trying to quit smoking.

The addictive chemical has a new lease on life, with many touting its benefits. Some studies have found that nicotine can improve cognitive performance, including attention, memory and learning. Nicotine has also been “linked to weight loss and reduced appetite,” as it “appears to influence the parts of the brain that control hunger and makes the body burn more energy,” Dipa Kamdar, a senior lecturer in Pharmacy Practice at Kingston University, said in an article for The Conversation. The pouches have similar effects to GLP-1s, which have been used for weight loss.

Nicotine pouches have since been touted as a powerful wellness compound, especially in the right-wing and biohacking spaces. It is a “life-enhancing, God-given chemical,” right-wing media personality Tucker Carlson said on Instagram. He claims that nicotine can treat erectile dysfunction and released his own brand of pouches called ALP, in collaboration with the tobacco giant Turning Point Brands. Over time, many media personalities have “advocated for nicotine use, not just as a way to get a buzz but as a cure for ailments ranging from whooping cough to atrial fibrillation,” said Salon.

The nicotine pouch hype has also skipped into the workplace. Rather than strictly drinks and snacks, the tech company Palantir began stocking nicotine pouches as a job perk, hoping to increase workers’ focus and productivity. Nicotine startups Lucy and Sesh have “installed branded vending machines in Palantir’s Washington, D.C., office,” said Fortune. This is “just one of the ways biohacking has taken the Silicon Valley tech space by storm.”

Is there merit to the benefits?

Any health benefits associated with nicotine are “frequently overblown or misinterpreted” and “outweighed by the problem of addiction,” said Stat. These effects are particularly dangerous as young people and those who have never smoked are picking up the habit. The chemical’s addictive nature can “become a gateway for someone to start using more harmful forms of nicotine, including cigarettes,” said the Journal. Most nicotine pouches on the market are also not FDA-authorized. Only certain Zyn and On! products have received authorization. Still, authorization differs from approval, as “all tobacco products are harmful and potentially addictive,” said the FDA.

Regarding cognitive enhancements, “people who already have cognitive difficulties have more room to improve, while those with healthy brain function are already performing close to their best,” said Kamdar. Nicotine is ”unlikely to offer any real benefit to people who don’t have cognitive impairments.”

What most experts agree on is that nicotine pouches are one of the better ways to quit smoking because most of the danger from cigarettes comes from the combustion of tobacco and not the nicotine itself. Evn though nicotine can cause other issues like nausea, vomiting, harm to blood vessels and an increased risk for heart attack and stroke. “Wellness trends come and go,” said Kamdar, “but addiction is far harder to shake.”

Step aside, girl dinner! Boy kibble is, according to social media, the new way to eat. Focused on protein loading and very little else, the trend is popular among Gen Z men and glorifies eating a bowl of tasteless mush. But it also reflects a push toward disordered eating and hypermasculinity.

Dog food for humans

Referring to the food as kibble is no accident, as most of the time these recipes involve a carb (like rice) and a form of protein (like ground beef) mixed together in a slop-like concoction that has glaring similarities to dog food. “Pleasure-seeking details like flavor and aesthetics are tossed to the side,” said The New York Times. However, this form of dinner may be “less nutritionally complete even compared to what you may be feeding the four-legged members of your family,” said Parents.

While some will opt to add vegetables to their kibble, for the most part, the goal is to maximize the amount of protein consumption, often at the expense of overall nutritional value. Many of these meals forgo fruits, whole grains and healthy fats. “When your meals lack these essential nutrients, deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids, and micronutrients like calcium, vitamin D and iron, can result,” said Parents. Also, the “lack of fiber in boy kibble puts kids at risk for constipation and does not support a healthy gut microbiome,” Madison Szar, a pediatrician with Bluebird Kids Health, said to the outlet.

“Proteinmaxxing” is a trend increasing in ubiquity among young men, especially as Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. rolled out new diet guidelines emphasizing protein consumption. At the same time, “grocery prices and fitness trends continue to shape online food culture,” said Newsweek. With these combined factors, boy kibble “reflects a broader shift toward streamlined, protein-forward meals that prioritize convenience over presentation.”

Healthy facade

The goal of eating boy kibble is to consume an easy, nutritional meal, even if the nutritional value is debatable. But the boys are largely ignoring seasoning, making the meals themselves not very tasty or enjoyable, a mere means to an end. “This kind of moralizing of food or turning suffering through meals into a badge of honor” can “map on to some kind of disordered eating patterns and risks, no different than, say, orthorexia,” Abbey Sharp, a registered dietitian and the author of the book “The Hunger Crushing Combo Method,” said to Fortune.

The entire movement is a male response to the 2023 girl dinner trend, “where women devised elaborate hodgepodges of charcuterie-like plates, consisting of assorted meats, breads, cheeses, fruits and leftovers,” said Fortune. While girl dinner showcased the tendency to cobble together meals from things readily available in the kitchen, tying the slop-consumption to the word “boy” helps “soften what could be perceived as toxically masculine consumptive behaviors,” Emily Contois, an associate professor of media studies at the University of Tulsa and the author of “Diners, Dudes and Diets: How Gender and Power Collide in Food Media and Culture,” said to the Times.

The entire branding of boy kibble is “served with a heavy dose of internet irony,” said Newsweek. Using the term is “allowing men to sidestep the more feminine aspects of dieting,” Adrienne Bitar, a professor at Cornell University who studies the culture of American food and health, said to the Times. Dieting has been “seen as vain, frivolous, attention-seeking, superficial,” but by taking part in a trend, men can say “this isn’t about vanity” or “appearance, necessarily” but instead about “optimization and quantifying how to become my best self.” The trend reflects a recent “backlash moment of men wanting to reclaim a more traditional, conventional masculine authority.”

What happened

A federal judge in Boston on Monday paused most of Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s consequential actions on vaccines, as well as the decisions made by the influential vaccine advisory committee he gutted and remade with handpicked members. U.S. District Judge Brian Murphy, siding with the American Academy of Pediatrics and five other medical groups, said Kennedy had likely violated legal administrative procedures in appointing his new Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices, then illegally sidestepped his handpicked panel in January to shrink the federal schedule for childhood vaccines from 17 routine immunizations to 11.

Who said what

Since 1964, “all U.S. vaccine policy has first run through ACIP, an independent panel of vaccine experts” that guides the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendations, CNN said. The committee has historically decided which vaccines are safe and effective through “a method scientific in nature and codified into law through procedural requirements,” Murphy ruled. But under Kennedy, the “government has disregarded those methods and thereby undermined the integrity of its actions.”

The ruling from Murphy, an appointee of former President Joe Biden, is a “severe blow to the Trump administration’s health agenda,” The New York Times said. But the “blow to Kennedy’s efforts to overhaul federal vaccine policy” landed “at a time when the White House is seeking to limit vaccine critics’ influence within the administration,” Axios said. Kennedy wants federal vaccine policy “to more closely reflect” his skepticism of vaccines, Politico said. But the White House is looking to “shift the focus ahead of the midterms away from vaccines, which the public overwhelmingly supports, toward priorities with widespread voter buy-in, like lowering prescription drug costs.”

What next?

Murphy’s order effectively blocks ACIP from meeting Wednesday and Thursday, as planned. But it’s “not the final word,” The Associated Press said. His ruling bars 13 of ACIP’s 15 members from serving on the panel, freezes all the committee’s decisions since June and halts Kennedy’s reduced immunization schedule “pending either a trial or a decision for summary judgment.” The Trump administration is expected to appeal the ruling.

The United States has generally had a more forgiving set of regulations governing the use of additives, preservatives and other chemicals in food and drinks than the European Union (EU). The difference has begun to narrow, however, both because some U.S. states are banning ingredients that the federal government allows, and because the Health and Human Services Secretary, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., pledged to more aggressively prohibit some of these substances as part of his Make American Healthy Again (MAHA) movement.

Some substances that were once legal to use in foods in the U.S. but not in Europe, like partially hydrogenated oils as well as brominated vegetable oil (BVO), were banned in the U.S. prior to the second Trump administration. They included a food dye called Red No. 3, which was banned by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on January 15, 2025. In April 2025, Secretary Kennedy announced plans to work with the food industry to voluntarily phase out six other petroleum-based food dyes, all of which are already banned for use in foods in the EU.

Azodicarbonamide (ADA)

ADA is used in the U.S. to “whiten cereal flour and improve baking bread dough,” said CBS News, but is banned for use in food by the EU, where it is considered a carcinogen. ADA has become increasingly controversial, however, and some companies have rolled back its inclusion in certain products.

In 2014, for example, Subway announced that it would no longer use ADA in its bread products, which turned out to be the leading edge of a trend. The American Bakers Association announced in 2026 that most of its members had already phased out the use of ADA, with the remainder doing so by the end of the year. The FDA is currently reviewing information about ADA.

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)

BHA “is a preservative used in cured meats and other foods,” said the Environmental Working Group, a U.S.-based nonprofit. It is “subject to severe restrictions in Europe” but continues to be added to American food products under the FDA’s GRAS (Generally Regarded as Safe) principle, said The New York Times. The National Toxicology Program deemed it a likely human carcinogen decades ago. In February 2026, the FDA ordered a new safety review of BHA, “pointing to long-standing concerns that the food additive might cause cancer in humans,” said NBC News.

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)

BHT is an “antioxidant that helps stabilize vegetable oils so they stay fresh longer and is often used in crackers and cereals to extend their shelf life,” said Tasting Table. The antioxidant’s presence in the popular cracker Wheat Thins, for example, is the reason you won’t be able to find them in Europe. Due to “concerns related to potential endocrine-disrupting properties,” BHT is banned for use in foods in the EU, said the European Commission. In August 2025, the FDA launched a “postmarket assessment of the safety of BHT as used in food and food contact materials,” said the FDA.

Potassium bromate

Potassium bromate is a substance that is found “usually in the form of fine crystals or powder, to strengthen dough” in more than 100 products sold in the U.S., said CBS News. It has been used for more than a century in breadmaking, but the European Union, the United Kingdom, Canada and most other countries in the world consider it a human carcinogen.

While Secretary Kennedy’s HHS has not taken any direct action against potassium bromate, he has stated that he wants to eliminate the program under which it is used in the U.S., under the FDA’s GRAS designation. Critics say that GRAS allows companies to include ingredients that were “greenlit for use not by the FDA but by the food and chemical industry,” said CNN.

Propylparaben

The chemical is deployed in more than “50 products in U.S. grocery stores,” said Consumer Reports, “including many packaged corn tortillas, baked desserts and cake icing.” Propylparaben helps “stop the growth of microorganisms in most packaged foods,” said The Cleveland Clinic, but may “interfere with your endocrine system, which includes glands and the hormones they send out to tell organs and tissues what to do.” The EU banned the inclusion of propylparabens in food in 2006. A 2024 FDA review did not lead to any new regulatory action.

Titanium dioxide

The “naturally occurring oxide of titanium,” titanium dioxide “has been used for decades to impart white color to many foods, from baked goods and sandwich spreads to soups, broths, sauces, salad dressing and food supplements,” said the European Commission. The EU banned its use in food products in 2022, citing the “possibility that the use of titanium dioxide as a food additive might cause DNA or chromosomal damage.” In the U.S., the “chemical seems to be largely surviving the food-dye purge” spearheaded by Kennedy, said The Atlantic, although some companies, including the maker of Skittles, are phasing it out voluntarily in expectation of future regulatory action.

Move over, protein. There’s a new dietary trend that’s doing the rounds. Fitness aficionados and wellness influencers are now “fixated” on how to “increase your daily fibre intake”, said Amelia Bell in Harper’s Bazaar.

Fibremaxxing is the latest addition to the “wellness glossary” and for good reason. Apart from its role in “digestion, weight management and gut health”, fibre also helps “stave off diseases” and reduce inflammation. A high-fibre diet can be highly beneficial but like any other TikTok-fuelled obsession, there is always a risk of “overdoing” it if one does not proceed with caution.

Fibre acts as “food for the microbiome”, said nutritionist Rhian Stephenson. Eating fibre-rich food “slows gastric emptying and carbohydrate absorption”, which helps stabilise blood sugar levels and provides metabolic support by “increasing the feeling of fullness”. This is why those with a healthy fibre intake often see “less weight gain and easier weight maintenance”.

According to NHS data, “most adults don’t come even close to hitting the daily recommendation of 30 grams”, said Dean Stattmann in GQ. Such a low level of consumption could take an “insidious toll on our collective health”.

Fibre is the indigestible part of plants that gives them their structure. It works as a gut cleanser by “shuttling away things that might otherwise overstay their welcome”. Without it, unmoving stools can “create little ‘pouches’ in the colon, called diverticuli, which can trap bacteria”, said Dr Dana Ellis Hunnes, a clinical dietician at UCLA Health. The bacteria can “potentially increase the risk of colon cancer, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and just inflammation in general”.

Consuming plant-based foods is a great way to increase fibre intake. Lentils, beans, chia seeds and almonds are all rich in the nutrient. There are also many oral supplements available to help reach the recommended 30g daily intake level.

However, it is important to note that these supplements “don’t behave in the body in the same way that fibre from a whole food does”. Apart from fibre, whole foods have vitamins and minerals as well as water. This makes them more “synergistic” and less dehydrating.

The fibremaxxing trend certainly “carries a message” that many health professionals have been “banging the drum about for years,” said Polly Weeks on the BBC. But there’s a lot “we still don’t know about the gut and its microbiota” and one should be wary of “uninformed views, extreme advice and miracle quick-fix claims”.

Kieran Tuohy, a professor of energy metabolism and microbiome at the University of Leeds, said trying to “fibremax” on powders could be a “worrying” trend but “self-regulating” fibre levels by consuming plenty of whole foods is a great step to take.

Since 1959, Cuba’s so-called “white coat army” has been one of the Caribbean island nation’s most distinctive exports. “From Latin America to Africa and beyond”, thousands of highly trained medical professionals have worked to fill gaps in overstretched health systems around the world, generating valuable income for Havana in the process, said Al Jazeera.

But the long-standing scheme is now under strain, as the United States seeks to “starve Cuba of much-needed revenue” by putting pressure on its allies to stop importing Cuban medics to prop up their strained health services.

‘Coercive labour’

“For decades” the Cuban government has sent healthcare professionals to work overseas in diplomatic arrangements in which host nations pay Havana directly for the services of its medics, said The New York Times. Doctors are dispatched to “work in remote villages and cities in dozens of countries” where local healthcare systems have difficulty filling posts, but the medics themselves only receive a “small fraction” of what is paid for their services. It is “unclear” exactly how much Cuba has received from such arrangements, but research estimates a revenue of around $4 billion (£2.9 billion) a year from the export of skilled workers, including healthcare workers and teachers.

US officials argue that the programmes amount to a “coercive labour export scheme”, said the Financial Times. The US has expanded visa restrictions on those involved in medical missions, including officials in host countries, whom it accuses of participating in “forced-labour practices”. Last year, it imposed travel restrictions on several officials from Brazil, “once a top destination” for Cuban doctors but where numbers have now rapidly fallen amid increasing pressure from the US.

‘Close to collapse’

“After nearly 50 years”, arrangements will draw to a close in Guyana, said the Associated Press, while “several other Caribbean countries” including St Lucia, Antigua and Dominica are also reviewing their programmes. Medical missions have also ended in staunch Cuban ally Venezuela, as well as Guatemala.

Cuba framed the end of the medical mission in Jamaica as the nation “yielding to US pressure”, said Cuba’s 14ymedio. But Jamaica’s “version is different”, alleging that Cuba “did not even respond” to a proposal to pay doctors directly for their work.

The impact is being felt well beyond the Americas. In Calabria, one of the poorest regions in Italy, the arrival in recent years of 400 Cuban doctors has been “essential to keeping local hospitals running”, said Reuters. But, under duress from Washington, Calabria has now “scrapped plans” to hire 600 further doctors, and is now scrambling in a “global search for medical staff” expected to cost the region €8 million (£6.9 million), said Euractiv.

Giuseppe Ranuccio, vice-president of the Calabrian regional council, told the outlet that the health system was already “close to collapse”. The Cuban doctors “were supposed to buy time for structural reforms”, he said. “But those reforms never arrived.”

A new single-pill HIV treatment has proved as effective as regimens of up to 11 tablets a day in suppressing the virus in hard-to-treat patients. It’s “a potential breakthrough for a growing cohort of long-term HIV survivors” who are resistant to standard treatments and struggle to keep to complex medication schedules, said the Financial Times.

Along with the rollout of a twice-yearly jab to prevent HIV infection, this represents “the latest advance in a scientific ‘golden age’ for treating the virus” – even as wealthy countries cut their funding.

How well does the new single-dose pill work?

Researchers recruited, from 15 countries, more than 550 people living with HIV for whom conventional therapies were no longer effective. They had a median age of 60, and many had other health conditions. Their HIV treatment involved taking between three and 11 pills a day. They were randomly assigned to continue their treatment or switch to the new single pill.

Almost 96% of those who switched continued to suppress the virus, without new signs of drug resistance, according to the study results published in The Lancet. That is a similar rate to the control group who stayed on their more complicated multi-pill treatment. But the “switchers” found the new regimen easier to follow, and experienced a decrease in some side effects, such as elevated cholesterol levels.

The findings are “game-changing” for people who have lived with the virus for decades and have conditions “associated with ageing”, said study lead Chloe Orkin, a professor of infection and inequities at Queen Mary University of London. “The participants found the regimen far more convenient.”

The pill, a combined dose of established HIV drugs bictegravir and lenacapavir, could be “transformative” for those who struggle to access clinics because of age or poverty, said Anne Aslett of the Elton John Aids Foundation. “The challenge now” is to ensure this treatment breakthrough is “complemented by political will, funding and community engagement”, she told the Financial Times.

How do the HIV-preventive injections work?

A twice-yearly jab of lenacapavir was shown in 2024 clinical trials to be 100% effective at preventing new HIV infections.

An injection like this has a clear advantage over daily prevention pills in poorer countries, where patients – particularly young women – might struggle to access clinics or feel stigmatised for seeking treatment. Last year, the World Health Organization recommended it; the director general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus described it as “the next best thing” to an HIV vaccine.

There was initial concern that the drug would not be affordable in poorer countries. In the US, it was launched with a price tag of more than $28,000 (£21,000). But last year, manufacturer Gilead granted licences to six manufacturers to produce generic versions of the drug in 120 low and middle-income countries at a cost of $40 (£29) per patient per year. This is a “historic breakthrough”, said Philippe Duneton of the Unitaid global-health initiative.

Meanwhile, in October, another long-acting HIV-preventive injection, cabotegravir (given six times a year), became available on the NHS in England and Wales. (It has already been made available in Scotland). This is a “cutting-edge treatment”, said Health Secretary Wes Streeting. “For vulnerable people who are unable to take other methods of HIV prevention, this represents hope.”

What other progress has been made?

Promising results have been seen with stem cell transplantation. Seven people have been declared HIV-free after receiving a stem cell transplant – and, significantly, two of them had received stem cells that were not actually HIV-resistant.

This “upends our understanding of what’s required” for a cure, said New Scientist. If HIV-resistant cells aren’t necessary to destroy the virus, then scientists have a wider potential pool of stem cell donors, and greater options in their search for an effective HIV cure.

Other trials are exploring ways to cure HIV by genetically editing immune cells.

People “hum into their phones, gargle with theatrical enthusiasm, dunk their faces into bowls of ice water, and poke at their ears”, said Katie Edwards and Dan Baumgardt on The Conversation. They are all trying to “activate” their vagus nerve, the new “favourite body part” of the internet.

Social media is abuzz with the transformational potential of vagus-nerve “training”. Stimulate it and reset it, wellness influencers claim, and you can improve your mental and physical wellbeing.

What is the vagus nerve? 

It’s the longest cranial nerve in your body. Its name derives from the Latin for “wandering” because its two branches rove through your entire body – travelling from the brainstem down into your neck, chest and abdomen, connecting to the heart, lungs, gut and the liver. It constantly relays information from your brain to your organs and back again, and is often described as an internal communication superhighway or our body’s intranet.

How important is it? 

As “signal updater” between brain and body, the vagus nerve is a part of the autonomic nervous system that regulates processes you don’t consciously control, such as heart rate, breathing and digestion. Within that system, it has a key role in the parasympathetic response – sometimes known as “rest and digest” – slowing heart rate and decreasing blood pressure. Put simply, when you feel calm, safe and relaxed, your vagus nerve is helping to make that happen.

The theory is that your body can sometimes get “stuck” or spend too long in the opposite sympathetic response – known as “fight or flight” – and stimulating the vagus nerve can prompt a return to calm.

Can stimulating it make you healthier?

Implanted devices that directly stimulate the vagus nerve have long been used to treat neurological conditions like epilepsy and treatment-resistant depression. More recently, trials of transcutaneous devices, often placed around the neck or in the outer ear, have shown promising results in treating conditions including diabetes, Crohn’s disease, fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndrome.

This kind of non-invasive vagus-nerve stimulation (VNS) first entered the “mainstream consciousness” as a “biohacking tool” in the 2025 Netflix documentary “Don’t Die”, said Vogue. The film followed US tech entrepreneur Bryan Johnson’s “longevity journey” and the “anti-ageing” crusader is shown wearing a VNS gadget that, he said, helps him manage stress and get to sleep.

From then on, the vagus nerve got “the trendy treatment”, said The Independent. Wearable devices swiftly appeared on the market that were said to enable VNS by sending a “specific level” of electrical current through the nerve that will “wake up” or “reset the system”, much like “rebooting a computer”.

I am cautious about claims that the vagus nerve can be “switched on like a light”, Arshad Majid, a professor of cerebrovascular neurology at the University of Sheffield, told Edwards and Baumgardt on The Conversation. There’s “not an on-off button” that these devices, or other DIY methods, like humming or gargling, can trigger. And, in some cases, trying to stimulate the nerve can “trigger headaches and even depression”.

That said, we are running various clinical trials on non-invasive VNS devices, and the “next few years of research” could “reshape” how we treat a range of conditions. But you should “maybe hold off on aggressively poking your ear” for now.

Bone broth “has undergone the PR glow-up of a lifetime”, said Saskia Kemsley in The Standard. Celebrities including Gwyneth Paltrow, Halle Berry and Kylie Jenner have all jumped on board, extolling its rejuvenating benefits.

So what is bone broth? Put simply, it's a nutrient-dense liquid made by simmering animal bones with vegetables or other natural ingredients for up to 24 hours, similar to making stock for use in soups or stews. Drinking the broth for its health benefits is a “phenomenon” that has “skyrocketed” in recent years, even if the evidence is somewhat unclear.

“Of all the wellness trends, this one’s probably up there with the strangest,” said Daisy Jones in British Vogue. “A broth? Made from bones, you say? Sounds a bit fee-fi-fo-fum to me.”

But bone broth promises an “array of supposed health benefits”. Some studies have shown that it is an anti-inflammatory “gut-healing powerhouse”, rich in electrolytes, and full of amino acids that help “regulate the immune system and promote gut health”. People are also indulging in a bid to improve their skin with the high collagen content. “Hmmm, maybe not so unappealing after all?”

Some of the most popular brands are “hugely expensive”, and often not much better than you can make at home, so you don’t need to “spend a fortune” buying the stuff, said Clare Finney in The Times. All you have to do is pop into a butcher’s for some “broken-down bones” at a “fraction of the price”, Michelin-star chef Emily Roux told the newspaper, “or if you’re making a roast chicken, never throw away the carcass”. After a four- to six-hour “long, slow simmer”, you can add combinations of “star anise, black peppercorns, any veggies or herbs that are suffering in the fridge” to “zhuzh it up”.

If you do want to splash out on a shop-bought broth, one of the best on the market is Borough Broth, whose organic beef bone broth is “filled to the brim with umami excellence” and has a “whopping 40% bone content”, said Kemsley in The Standard. Freja is another brand “taking supermarkets by storm for good reason”. Its broths have a two-year shelf-life, making them a “pantry essential”, and there’s also a fish-based version for pescatarians.

Despite the frenzied uptake by influencers who think it is a “wonder stew for your face”, some experts have a “bone to pick” with the trend, said GQ. Though it can be a great source of amino acids, the results can be inconsistent depending on what is cooked, and how.

“My personal advice would be that it doesn’t add anything that a healthy diet containing a good source of proteins wouldn’t do”, Dr Christine Hall, NHS GP and aesthetics doctor, told the magazine. “In fact, a healthy, balanced diet will actually contribute more.”

The NHS has long been grappling with staff shortages and funding shortfalls but now another destabilising issue is coming to the fore: the vulnerability of its supply chain.

In today’s volatile world of tensions, tariffs and climate-related disasters, NHS stocks of vital medicines and equipment are increasingly under strain, and shortages are becoming more common.

Currently, a global shortage of bone cement has led to the postponement of scheduled knee and hip replacement operations across the country. For the people who have been waiting in pain to make it “to the front of orthopaedic surgery queue”, this is “a crushing blow”, Deborah Alsina of Arthritis UK, told The Guardian.

Painkillers, aspirin and hearing-aid batteries

There is also a UK-wide shortage of the highest prescription-strength form of the painkiller co-codamol. It’s most commonly manufactured in India but the Indian government is “delaying the authorisation to import ingredients required to make the drug there”, said the BBC.

With shortages expected until at least June, the Scottish government is limiting supplies, and warning patients who are prescribed the pills to gradually reduce the number they are taking because stopping abruptly can trigger withdrawal symptoms such as headaches and nausea. Alternative treatment options will be offered to those affected but some health boards have said the expected uplift in demand for these alternatives may not be sustainable.

Some deaf people are “being forced to turn off their hearing aids” because of a nationwide shortage of certain hearing-aid batteries, said The Times. The shortage, first highlighted in November, is expected to be resolved by 16 March but “it’s not a good situation from a personal safety point of view if people are turning off their hearing aids”, Kay Fairhurst of Salford Disability Forum told the paper.

Britain is also “grappling with widespread shortages of aspirin”, said PA Media’s health editor Jane Kirby. Most pharmacies are reporting “significant difficulties” in sourcing the vital drug, which is used to help prevent blood clots, strokes and heart attacks in high-risk patients. Pharmacists are being “forced to tightly ration” their aspirin stock, with many withdrawing it from over-the-counter sales.

The government has blamed “manufacturing delays” for the shortage but pharmacy associations are also blaming the NHS payment model. “The prices paid for many medicines by the NHS are so low that manufacturers often prioritise supplying other countries instead, leaving the UK pushed to the back of the queue,” Leyla Hannbeck of the Independent Pharmacies Association told PA Media. And, even if they can order stock, pharmacies are left out of pocket: the aspirin shortage has pushed its price up to £3.90 a packet but the NHS will only reimburse pharmacies £2.18 a packet. These are “signs of a fundamentally broken pharmacy contract”, said Olivier Picard of the National Pharmacy Association.

‘Critical pinch points’

The UK depends on supply chains for antibiotics, vaccines and diagnostic tests that are “highly brittle and vulnerable”, The Centre for Long-Term Resilience think tank reported last year. These supply chains have “critical pinch points overseas”, and NHS reliance on a small number of manufacturers, often in China, “has never looked more fragile” in this time of “turning geopolitical tides”.

All of NHS England’s supply of gentamicin, an antibiotic used to treat serious bacterial infections, comes from two supplier factories in the same Chinese city. Any disruption to that city, or any geopolitical issue that causes an export ban between China and other countries, would “wipe out UK access to gentamicin”, the report warned.

The NHS supply chain is “exposed to vulnerabilities of unprecedented scale and complexity”, said global risk consultancy Marsh. Geopolitical tensions, the aftermath of the pandemic and disruptions to crucial shipping routes have “exposed the fragility of international supply chains, causing costly delays and supply shortages that reverberated across healthcare systems worldwide”.

Global tariffs, including on medical equipment and pharmaceuticals, have “introduced significant cost pressures on international trade flows”. The NHS has “felt these disruptions acutely”. There is an “urgent need to build a more resilient, agile and secure NHS supply chain”.

“After decades of terrible PR”, the humble cabbage is “quietly gaining cultural capital”, said Business Insider. The sad memories of soggy “WWII boiled cabbage recipes” and the “Cabbage Soup Diet of the ’80s” are things of the past.

Some would call this boom a “recession indicator”, but many are flocking to the vegetable’s high-fibre and low-calorie content. Whatever the reason, cabbage is certainly “having a moment”.

Currently, the “fibre-maxxing” movement is in full swing, with fermented foods all over social media as users scramble for better gut health. Cabbage “punches well above its weight” in terms of nutritional value, said Rob Hobson, nutritionist and food author. It is a “rich source” of fibre, and also vitamin C and K, and he says it “will overtake protein as the trendiest nutrient” this year.

Cabbage has “never enjoyed the glossy halo afforded to avocados, blueberries”, or any other sought-after superfood, said Hannah Twiggs in The Independent. “It is the vegetable equivalent of sensible shoes: practical, reliable and almost aggressively uninterested in seduction.” The green leaves have fed people of all backgrounds for thousands of years – in soups in central Europe, kimchi in Korea, and becoming “fused” into the “national psyche” of Ireland alongside potatoes.

Perhaps what is fuelling this resurgence is its “lack of glamour”, low price tag and wide availability. Cabbage “asks little, delivers much and carries none of the aspirational baggage of trendier ingredients”. It is “not new. It is just newly appreciated.”

“Everything’s coming up cabbages”, even in fashion, said Anna Grace Lee in Vogue. After the “Pinterest Predicts” trend report said that 2026 is the year of “peak cabbage obsession”, the vegetable has become “chic”. There are cabbage motifs everywhere, from the “Sandy Liang cabbage bag” to the “Dodie Thayer for Tory Burch ceramic line”.

“I always keep a head or two in my fridge so I can throw together a quick, healthy, and budget-friendly meal at a moment’s notice,” said Charlyne Mattox in Country Living. Cabbage is one of the best ingredients to “stretch your grocery dollar”, while still providing a “nourishing” meal.

“Butter-braised” cabbage with cream and garlic is a “quick and easy” way to use up any “pantry staples”. You can add “roasted salmon, bone-in chicken breasts, or a tender pork chop” for a delicious meal. For a lighter option, try rustling up a classic bacon-cabbage panzanella, adding meat and bread to your taste – and sprinkling a little “crumbly cheese” like feta on top.

Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. It can affect anyone, and is notoriously difficult to diagnose in the early stages, and to treat once it becomes life-threatening. Now scientists in Australia are getting close to unlocking the first specific sepsis treatment.

The current first-choice treatment for sepsis focuses on using broad-spectrum antibiotics to attack the pathogen causing the condition. But there are an increasing number of antibiotic-resistant pathogens that can cause sepsis. “This is the nightmare that keeps my colleagues working in public health awake at night,” one doctor told The Telegraph.

The new drug has been developed by researchers at Australia’s Griffith University to target and reverse the sepsis, rather than destroy the pathogen that’s causing it. Its recent Phase II human clinical trial in China showed “promising results in reducing sepsis”, said Science Daily. This is “a major step forward”.

What is sepsis?

Essentially, the body’s extreme response to an often minor bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitical infection. Our immune system goes into overdrive trying to fight the infection off, triggering inflammation that can impair blood flow and damage tissues and organs. Without treatment, sepsis can quickly lead to septic shock and multiple organ failure. Anyone can develop sepsis, but it’s more prevalent among the very young, the elderly, the diabetic, the immunocompromised and women who have recently given birth.

If you are treated swiftly, you can make a full recovery. But the longer you wait for a diagnosis, the higher the risk. Sepsis causes more than 10 million deaths a year worldwide: about one person every three seconds.

How is it diagnosed?

Sepsis is often called “the silent killer” because the wide variety of pathogens that can cause it may initially trigger very different symptoms, making it hard for medics to spot soon enough. Warning signs in a child – fever, chills, lethargy, fast heartbeat or breathing, blotchy skin and/or a rash that doesn’t fade (as with meningitis) – can mirror many less serious conditions. For adults, symptoms include slurred speech or confusion, extreme shivering, lack of urination, mottled skin, severe breathlessness and a feeling of doom.

There is currently no one diagnostic test; just different tests, that typically take hours, to confirm the presence, and possibly the type, of infection. The NHS is currently trialling a rapid blood test to identify if a patient has a viral or bacterial infection, which could speed up some diagnoses of sepsis considerably. Doctors who participated in the trial, which concludes in March, have already “witnessed the benefits”, according to The Guardian.

What is the new drug?

Known as STC3141, it is a carbohydrate-based drug administered as an infusion through a cannula. It works by “calming” and counteracting the “major biological molecule release” that occurs during the body’s immune overreaction, and helps to treat sepsis by “reversing the damage to organs rather than only managing symptoms”, said Science Daily.

The research team now plans to move onto Phase III effectiveness trials. “It’s hoped we could see the treatment reach the market in a handful of years, potentially saving millions of lives,” said team leader Mark von Itzstein.

What else might help?

Artificial intelligence may help medics detect sepsis earlier. US researchers at Northeastern University have been training an AI model on patient data collected at urgent care centres, in ambulances and in hospital. The model was able to predict septic shock with over 99% accuracy, according to a study published in Life last October.

“If sepsis is diagnosed in the emergency room, probably the best-case scenario is to pray because the survival rate is extremely low,” lead researcher Sergey Aityan told the university’s Northeastern Global News. “Our system is like an immediate second opinion, which is practically impossible to do in emergency settings with physical doctors.”

A Norwich market, a Manchester railway station and a London street have become battlefields in a new culture war as people get in a right flap about pigeons.

With flocks swelling, concerns about hygiene and health are rising, but are we all to blame for all this feathered friction?

Ruffled feathers

There are “pigeon wars” in Norwich, said The Guardian. The birds are appearing in higher numbers around the city’s open-air market, causing “an increasing number of complaints from shoppers and traders”. Critics say the pigeons are “creating a Hitchcockian nightmare” by “defecating, stealing and spreading disease”.

Norwich City Council hoped to introduce a hawk to “ruffle some feathers and deter” pigeons from the market, said the BBC. But the project was scrapped because local bird feeders ignored calls for them to not to feed the birds and in fact started feeding them more. This showed that pigeon feeders are “unshakeable in their determination to spread a bit of bird seed”.

The council also had to abandon a plan to use contraceptives, hidden within food, as a “humane and non-lethal” population control method, after finding out that this approach is not licensed in the UK. So local officials are now considering the possibility of fines for feeding pigeons at the market.

Another feathery flashpoint came in Harrow, London, in January, when a woman feeding pigeons on a street was arrested and handcuffed. She was detained by a “group of at least six” police officers and council enforcement workers, and a passer-by described the scene as “ridiculous”, said The Independent.

An even more direct approach was used at Manchester Victoria railway station, where “bungled” raids by “pest control marksmen” left nearly 100 birds “dead or maimed”, said The Telegraph. A spokesman for Northern Trains said the cull was ordered because pigeons were “posing a risk to colleagues and customers”.

A former love

“We loved them, once,” said Joseph Earp in The Guardian. “We might not remember that, but pigeons do.” They are the victims of “rampant animal welfare crimes”, being “pelted with rocks, chased from dwellings, killed and maimed en masse”.

But as with “so many problems we face, pigeons are a ‘problem’ that we have caused”. Feral pigeons are “descendants of homing pigeons that we kept and domesticated”. They’re “naturally predisposed to want to be close to us”, so “they gather where we gather” and they root through our rubbish.

So if they’re “dirty or disgusting”, it’s only because “we are dirty and disgusting”. We live in a “natural world that, rightfully, flinches from human touch”, but pigeons are one of the “few creatures that don’t”. Yet “for that, we punish them”.

Yes, feral pigeons can “carry disease”, Will Smith, an evolutionary biologist, told the BBC, but this is true of all wild animals and pigeons are “very resistant” to avian influenza. They “get the quite nasty name of ‘rats with wings’”, but this is “not quite fair”.

Illegal skin-lightening products are still on sale in a wide range of UK outlets, including grocery stores, specialist food shops and even butcher’s, say trading standards officers.

The Chartered Trading Standards Institute is urging consumers to avoid these harmful creams, oils, lotions and serums, and report the shops and online retailers that continue to sell them.

‘Invisible’ health hazards

Skin-lightening creams containing certain dangerous ingredients were banned in the UK and the EU in 2001 because of the skin damage and health issues these ingredients can cause. Yet enforcement has turned into a game of whack-a-mole for authorities: as quickly as illicit products are seized, new stock appears. One South London retailer was fined £30,000 after twice being caught stocking banned skin-lightening products, said The Voice.

Illicit products generally are “not labelled with mandatory safety or traceability information, a sign they may contain banned substances”. These include hydroquinone, a prescription-only compound that, used without medical oversight, can cause irritation and eye damage and, once absorbed into the bloodstream, may “overload the liver and kidneys”, said Chemistry World. Another common ingredient, mercury, can cause high blood pressure, rapid weight gain, renal damage and “can even be transferred to infants through breastmilk, carrying silent, long-term health risks’. Many of the most serious health impacts of these products are “invisible” at first, so consumers “underestimate the danger” – until it is too late.

‘Shaped by colourism’

The illicit UK skin-lightening market is just part of what The McGill International Review calls a “thriving, multi-billion-dollar industry”. Women of colour account for “approximately 80%” of sales of legal skin-lightening products worldwide, all trading on the notion that “lighter skin is worth chasing – no matter the cost”.

Use of these creams “not a new phenomenon”, and dates back to the “colonial belief that lighter skin conferred greater worth”, said The Guardian. Even now, the myth “seems to endure” for women of colour across the globe. In this context, skin-lightening creams are not merely cosmetics but tools of supposed self-improvement to meet “beauty ideals shaped by colourism”.

Hoardings advertising skin-lightening products and featuring “images of white or lighter-skinned black women” are a common sight across African cities, said NPR. Multiple African nations have banned products containing harmful ingredients, and Nigeria declared a state of emergency over the issue in 2023. Even so, the industry continues to boom, with many companies now offering extra-potent “bespoke” lotions said to achieve “specific skin tones”. Some creams are marketed specifically for use on children.

In the UK, authorities insist anyone found selling illicit products will face prosecution. But, as Stylist’s Dahaba Ali Hussen said in 2019, “outlawing something doesn’t necessarily make it any less common; it simply makes it less safe”.

There has been a growing demand in recent years to separate “profound autism” into its own diagnosis, outside current parameters.

Since 2013, autism diagnoses have been split into three levels, ranging from “some support required” to “requires very substantial support”, said The Autism Service.

Support for the addition of the “profound autism” category, first proposed in 2022 by a board of international experts in The Lancet, is gaining traction. Some experts think it will bring welcome care to those who require it most, while others say it could mean other members of the autistic community are neglected.

What is profound autism?

The proposed term would describe individuals with autism who “have little or no language (spoken, written, signed or via a communication device), who have an IQ of less than 50, and who require 24-hour supervision and support”, said Kelsie Boulton, Marie Antoinette Hodge and Rebecca Sutherland on The Conversation. This category would only be diagnosable for ages eight and over, when individuals’ “cognitive and communication abilities are considered more stable”.

In their study of 513 autistic children assessed between 2019 and 2024, the researchers found that around 24% of participants met, or were at risk of meeting, the criteria for profound autism.

How has understanding evolved?

US Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr claimed last autumn that there was an “epidemic” of autism across his country, falsely linking it with vaccines or Tylenol, which is known as paracetamol in the UK. The “unproven and debunked” claims about the causes of autism “threatens public health, even as officials funnel more money into research”, said The Associated Press.

Autism rates have been on the rise “for decades”, but there are solid reasons for this, said The Independent. The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, adopted in 2013, is now “very broad”, including many people with low support needs, and there is “better awareness of the condition”, leading to more diagnoses.

The concept of an autistic “spectrum” has been widely accepted since it was coined in the 1980s by psychiatrist Dr Lorna Wing. “Groundbreaking” at the time, her work “transformed how autism was understood in the UK”, said Aimee Grant on The Conversation. Previously, autism had been seen as a “rare, narrowly defined condition”, whereas since a “wide range of traits and experiences” have been recognised.

The introduction of new terms to categorise the spectrum is not without precedent. Wing also introduced the term “Asperger’s syndrome” to the UK. It was intended to divide or categorise patients depending on their care needs. Individuals with Asperger’s tended to have lower support needs.

However, the term was “retired” in the 2013 edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders following revelations about Hans Asperger’s links to the Nazi regime, said the National Autistic Society. He was responsible for “abhorrent descriptions of some autistic children as being less ‘worthwhile’ than others”, and “more recent research” has shown that Asperger “was aware that he was sending children to their death”.

Why is the new definition needed?

Having a more specific category in future clinical guidelines could allow governments, disability services and clinicians to plan and deliver support more effectively, said Boulton, Hodge and Sutherland on The Conversation. Due to the broadening of the current spectrum, it is possible that people with the highest needs are “overlooked”, so the new category would “re-balance their under-representation in mainstream autism research”.

Current understanding of an autistic spectrum ranging from “mild” to “severe” can be “misleading”, said Grant. “The term has outlived its usefulness.” The condition has “lots of unique combinations”, including reliance on routine, “stimming” or “monotropism”. “Because autism is made up of all these different elements, there can be no single line on which every autistic person is placed.”

What are the arguments against it?

However, some experts would say the new category is “unhelpful”, said Grant. “It tells us nothing about a person’s particular challenges or the type of support they require.”

Some autistic self-advocates see “unity as the best protection for everyone on the spectrum” and being “part of one shared story”, said Forbes. Similarly, some people in the autistic community fear that creating a separate diagnosis would “reduce attention on the broader spectrum and the individual needs of everyone on it”, said The Independent.

Most Americans may not expect a robot to perform their surgery, but AI-powered surgical tools are becoming more ubiquitous in operating rooms. While these tools are only used to assist human surgeons during operations and don’t perform surgery themselves, recent investigations, along with several lawsuits, are causing some medical experts to reconsider the use of AI in hospitals.

What kind of surgical tools are powered by AI?

At least 1,357 AI-integrated medical devices are “now authorized by the FDA — double the number it had allowed through 2022,” said Reuters as part of an investigation into AI-assisted surgery. One of the most notable is the TruDi Navigation System, a device manufactured by Johnson & Johnson that uses a “machine-learning algorithm to assist ear, nose and throat specialists in surgeries.” Other AI-assisted devices are designed for surgeries on other parts of the body.

Many of these tools address the “area of vision enhancement,” said Forbes. Traditional laparoscopic surgery “presents surgeons with significant challenges: smoke obscures the surgical field, two-dimensional images make depth perception difficult and critical anatomical structures can be hard to distinguish.” AI surgical tools can eliminate these obstacles and provide surgeons with “crystal-clear views of the operative field.”

What has the result been?

There has been an influx of allegations and lawsuits against various AI tools, many of which claim these tools actively harmed patients. Several of these involve the TruDi tool, as the FDA has “received unconfirmed reports of at least 100 malfunctions and adverse events” related to the device’s AI, said Reuters. Many of the alleged errors occurred when the AI “misinformed surgeons about the location of their instruments while they were using them inside patients’ heads.”

In one case, this reportedly led to cerebrospinal fluid leaking from a patient’s nose, while in another case, a surgeon “mistakenly punctured the base of a patient’s skull,” said Reuters. Two other cases allegedly led to patients suffering strokes after major arteries were accidentally injured; in at least one of these cases, the plaintiff said the TruDi’s AI “misled” the surgeon, causing him to “injure a carotid artery, leading to a blood clot and eventually a stroke,” said Futurism.

FDA reports on malfunctioning devices “aren’t intended to determine causes of medical mishaps, so it’s not clear what role AI may have played in these events,” said Reuters. But TruDi is not the only AI-assisted medical device that allegedly has performance issues. One machine that analyzes prenatal images using AI, the Sonio Detect, has been “accused of using a faulty algorithm” that “misidentifies fetal structures and body parts,” said Tom’s Hardware. And Medtronic, a company that manufactures AI-assisted heart monitors, has faced allegations that its monitors “failed to recognize abnormal rhythms or pauses in patients.”

Overall, at least 60 AI-assisted medical devices have been linked to 182 product recalls by the FDA, according to research published in JAMA Health Forum. At least 43% of these recalls “occurred within the first 12 months” of the device’s FDA approval, said JAMA. This suggests that the FDA’s approval process “may overlook early performance failures of AI technologies.” But there is hope that the issue can be fixed, as shoring up “premarket clinical testing requirements and postmarket surveillance measures may improve identification and reduction of device errors.”

Trying to become pregnant, whether you are struggling with fertility or not, can be an incredibly stressful process. When it comes to conception and nine months of pregnancy, there is plenty of advice for how to be at your healthy best. However, an emerging social media trend has influencers convincing people that the key to a healthy pregnancy lies in how you prepare during the time leading up to it.

What does ‘zero trimester’ mean?

On TikTok and Instagram, the “cultural obsession with wellness and optimization” has come for the “murky preconception period,” coined the “zero trimester” by sociologist Miranda Waggoner in her 2017 book by the same name, Wired said. A growing number of influencers, holistic health experts and even doctors are “posting content that speaks to the ‘Trying to Conceive’ (TTC) demographic,” including “women who are struggling to conceive and those who haven’t started yet.”

Their message is simple: If you “follow this wellness formula,” you will “set yourself up for the quickest conception, the easiest pregnancy and the healthiest child,” said Wired. Essentially, they believe that having a healthy pregnancy boils down to the choices you make before you even become pregnant.

Pregnant women have “long been subject to endless rules on how to treat their bodies,” said The Cut. But increasingly, it feels like the “goal post has been moved back.” The recommendations from zero trimester influencers range from drinking raw milk to filtering air.

The “pregnancy prep” creators encourage lifestyle changes, courses, books and tips to follow during the six to 12 months before becoming pregnant. On her podcast, MAHA influencer Alex Clark recommends that women trying to get pregnant “stop wearing nail polish,” while holistic nutritionists claim it’s important to avoid iced beverages. Other influencers are posting meditation journeys to “lower cortisol six months before trying to conceive,” while some are ordering micronutrient labs and “embarking on 60-day pregnancy-prep detoxes.”

Is the advice worth listening to?

Many people struggle to get pregnant, and some doctors agree that the standard medical advice just to wait and see is failing them. Yet claims “about the importance of trimester-zero strain credulity,” said The Cut. Listening to some of these influencers, it is “easy to come away thinking that if you struggle to get pregnant or have a difficult pregnancy, it’s your fault.”

Some experts argue that the new attention surrounding the zero trimester is a “very positive, exciting development,” as healthy moms “usually spell better outcomes for mom and baby,” said Wired. There are so many things that can be done to “optimize underlying health in that preconception year that will make outcomes in pregnancy better,” Natalie Clark Stentz, an ob-gyn and infertility specialist at Michigan Medicine, said to Wired.

Still, prep should be “expert-vetted and backed by science,” and it “usually doesn’t involve the TikTok Shop,” Wired said. Any “buzzy individual thing is likely sensational,” whether that’s “Brazil nuts, organ meats or whatnot,” Stentz said. Evidence-based recommendations are “not sexy” — suggestions like maintaining a “normal BMI, stop smoking, pick a boring prenatal vitamin.”

Pregnancy prep regimens being touted by influencers can also “get pricey fast,” Wired said. They are taking a “very vulnerable, very highly motivated population of patients” and targeting them with “information that is kind of driven by financial incentives,” Kara Goldman, an ob-gyn and associate professor of reproductive endocrinology and infertility at Northwestern University, said to Wired. The marketing can “disguise the fact that even going into pregnancy in peak health is not a guarantee,” said the outlet.

The zero trimester trend can “make women feel guilty or blame-worthy if their outcome isn’t ‘perfect,’ however they’re defining perfect,” said Waggoner. It promotes the idea that there is a “causal and deterministic link between preconception care behaviors and birth outcomes,” and that is what “can be problematic for both individuals and at a policy level.”

The quest for immortality may seem the preserve of Greek myth or science fiction – or the Silicon Valley super-rich – but it seems to be affecting ordinary people, too.

Longevity Fixation Syndrome is being flagged by some health professionals as a new mental-health disorder, characterised by an obsession with extending your biological clock and staving off not only the signs of age, but even death itself.

‘Obsessive self-surveillance’

Someone with LFS may “obsessively monitor their body, stick to unattainable routines, and engage in behaviours fuelled by fear”, said The Mirror. These “extreme” practices may include constant monitoring of sleep patterns, bowel movements and blood-sugar levels, embracing “controversial therapies”, and following intense exercise routines, strict diets and “supplement protocols”.

One of the most popular anti-ageing therapies is plasma exchange, a process that involves being hooked up to a machine which removes your blood, separates out and removes the plasma and then replaces it with donor plasma. This is a “well-established treatment for certain blood disorders, autoimmune diseases and neurological conditions”, but its anti-ageing benefits have never been proven in large clinical trials, said The New York Times.

“What starts as self‑care becomes obsessive self‑surveillance,” Jan Gerber, CEO of Zurich-based mental-health clinic Paracelsus Recovery, told The Mirror. We’re starting to see “a growing number” of very stressed and anxious people “whose lives are dominated by the fear of ageing and decline”.

While LFS has yet to appear in official diagnostic manuals, Gerber compares it to orthorexia, an eating disorder characterised by an obsession with healthy food. And, like many other addictions, it can affect your career and personal relationships, and lead to loneliness and isolation. Ironically, “the stress generated by this mindset can be so intense that it actively shortens lifespan, rather than extending it”.

Struggle to ‘accept mortality’

Anxiety about longevity does have some basis in fact: the past century’s steady increase in life expectancy is slowing, according to a mortality forecasting study published in PNAS last year. The average person is living longer than they were many decades ago, thanks mainly to huge improvements in child health but, for the moment at least, we seem not to be able to push longevity much further: it would be “optimistic” to expect 15% of women and 5% of men in most countries to live beyond 100 this century, according to a 2024 study published in Nature Aging.

Global Google searches for “longevity” tripled over the course of 2025, and entrepreneurs have been quick to spot the potential new market. At the annual Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas last month, longevity tech was “the hype vertical du jour”, said the Financial Times. Standout items included a $899 (£660) “longevity mirror” that tells how well you are ageing, and a $600 (£440) “longevity station” that measures your body composition and assesses your health across more than 60 biomarkers.

The most public face of the new crusade against ageing is Bryan Johnson, a 48-year-old American venture capitalist who has claimed he will “achieve immortality” within the next 15 years. Johnson has said he wants his “Don’t Die” movement to be “the most influential ideology in the world by 2027”.

This obsession with longevity “reveals a self-centred society” in which people struggle to “accept mortality”, said the FT. It also, “let’s face it”, a new “buzzword” for shifting products. We’d probably do well to face the fact “that when we die is not something we can control”, and “realise that life is too important to waste it trying to live forever”.

Free-living amoebas, which are single-celled organisms that do not require a host to live, pose a dangerous threat to humans. They are prevalent in both natural water sources and drinking water systems. They are also notoriously difficult to kill and can harbor other pathogens. More research needs to be done to effectively control amoebic disease spread.

A Trojan horse

Amoebas’ “widespread presence in both natural and engineered environments poses significant exposure risks through contaminated water sources, recreational water activities and drinking water systems,” said a paper published in the journal Biocontaminant. While most species are harmless, there is a subset that can have serious public health consequences, like Naegleria fowleri, the brain-eating amoeba.

The brain-eating amoeba is not the only one to be worried about. Others can “cause painful eye infections, particularly in contact lens users, skin lesions in people with weakened immune systems and rare but serious systemic infections affecting organs such as the lungs, liver and kidneys,” Manal Mohammed, a senior lecturer of medical microbiology at the University of Westminster, said at The Conversation. The level of human exposure to amoebas is “likely substantially underestimated,” said the study, as “amoebic infections are prone to clinical misdiagnosis as other diseases.”

Free-living amoebas have the “ability to change shape and move using temporary arm-like extensions called pseudopodia,” or “false feet,” Mohammed said. This allows them to thrive in even the most inhospitable of environments, including extremely high temperatures and in the presence of strong cleaning chemicals like chlorine. Along with their resilience, amoebas “act as hidden carriers for other harmful microbes,” said a release about the paper. “By sheltering bacteria and viruses inside their cells, amoebae can protect these pathogens from disinfection and help them persist and spread in drinking water systems.” This is known as the Trojan horse effect, and it can contribute to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance.

Deep water

Unfortunately, “most water systems are not routinely checked for free-living amoebas,” said Mohammed. Since they can be rare, and may “hide in biofilms or sediments,” they “require specialized tests to detect, making routine monitoring expensive and technically challenging.” Generally, water testing “relies on proper chlorination, maintaining disinfectant levels and flushing systems regularly,” which can help but does not guarantee the removal of amoeba. There is a lack of knowledge on how to deal with amoebas, making it “challenging to establish science-based regulatory standards for water treatment that are guaranteed to be effective against all threatening species,” said the study.

The problem is also likely to worsen because of climate change. The rising temperatures are “expanding the geographic range of heat-loving amoebae into regions where they were previously rare,” said the release. Mitigating the spread “requires comprehensive strategies combining enhanced surveillance, rapid diagnostics and targeted environmental interventions,” said the study. There should also be more public awareness about the risk of amoebic infections, especially in natural bodies of water.

“Amoebae are not just a medical issue or an environmental issue,” Longfei Shu, the author of the study, said in the release. “They sit at the intersection of both, and addressing them requires integrated solutions that protect public health at its source.”

Three-quarters of people diagnosed with cancer will survive for five years or more by 2035, if a new national cancer plan for NHS England meets its target.

A person is diagnosed with cancer in the UK at least every 75 seconds, according to cancer charity Macmillan, so the plan announced by the government this week will impact millions.

What is the plan?

England’s first national cancer plan was published in 2000. It introduced targets for waiting times, but those have been missed for more than a decade. Ahead of unveiling the new scheme, ministers have been studying the situation and progress in Denmark. In 2000, both countries had similar survival rates, but Denmark has since “leapfrogged ahead, outperforming the UK in survival rates for all but one major cancers”, said The Times.

The result is a 10-year strategy for the UK covering cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatment, care and research. Some 11,000 people responded to the call for evidence, offering “stories of resilience against the odds” and “personal battles against a healthcare system buckling under the cancer burden”, said health correspondent Ashish Joshi on Sky News.

How will it improve outcomes?

If the plan hits its targets, by 2035, three out of four people diagnosed with the disease will be “living well” with their cancer under control or cancer-free within five years of diagnosis. The Department of Health said this would represent the fastest rate of improvement in cancer outcomes this century, and would translate to 320,000 more lives saved over the lifetime of the plan.

It also pledges that NHS England will meet all its cancer waiting-time targets by 2029. There will be a major expansion in robot-assisted surgery, with the number of such procedures increasing from 70,000 currently to half a million by 2035, and faster diagnostic tests to shorten delays in diagnosis and treatment, with community-based diagnostic centres operating 12 hours a day, seven days a week where possible.

The plan also aims to cover travel costs for people seeking treatment across the country, so families do not have to face the financial burden of transportation to access the most appropriate treatment.

What has the reaction been?

Outcomes in England have “lagged behind comparable countries for decades”, said Cancer Research UK, so it’s positive to see improving survival rates at “the centre of the plan”. However, meeting such ambitious targets will require “much faster progress” alongside additional detail on the implementation of the commitments made, where responsibilities will lie, and “whether bold promises will be matched with the resources required”.

The promise that the national cancer plan will “revolutionise the way we treat cancer” is both “bold and ambitious”, said Joshi on Sky News, but then the strategy “cannot afford to be anything else”.

The deaths of six British people who had gone on holiday to Cape Verde have sparked a “bombshell legal move” against the Tui tourism group, said The Sun. UK law firm Irwin Mitchell says it has launched High Court proceedings on behalf of “hundreds” of holidaymakers who “fell ill during or shortly after” taking a package holiday to Cape Verde between 2022 and 2025.

The 10 volcanic islands that make up Cape Verde, 350 miles to the west of Senegal in the Atlantic Ocean, have become an increasingly popular sunshine destination for European tourists seeking a cheaper alternative to the Caribbean. But there is trouble in paradise.

Who has died?

In a three-month period last year, four Brits died in Cape Verde “after falling ill and receiving poor medical care in local hospitals”, said The Sunday Times. They were aged between 54 and 64 and all had “underlying but manageable health conditions”. They “died of various medical complications”, including gastroenteritis, fractured bones and heart failure. All were staying in a Riu hotel that was part of a Spanish chain of six resorts in Cape Verde, when they first fell ill.

Elena Walsh was one of the four. She caught a stomach bug shortly after arriving. She was taken to hospital, where doctors thought she had appendicitis and took her to the operating theatre. She died two days later. A post-mortem in the UK concluded there was nothing wrong with her appendix, and listed heart failure and gastroenteritis as the causes of death.

Two other Brits have died, and more than 1,500 British tourists, including children, have fallen ill in Cape Verde since 2022.

Why are tourists getting sick?

Many of those who became unwell reported severe gastric illness. Late last year, the UK Health Security Agency spotted an increase in diagnoses of shigella, a gastrointestinal bacteria that can cause severe diarrhoea, fever, stomach cramps and, in rare cases, sepsis. Further investigation linked the outbreak to Cape Verde: 80% of the 137 people affected between October and December had travelled to the islands.

Shigella bacteria can spread easily through contact with traces of faeces from an infected person on food, in water, on fingers and on surfaces. An infection can be “nasty” and “a killer in some cases”, Brendan Wren, a professor at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, told The Sunday Times, but mostly “it goes away within two or three days”.

Food hygiene standards at the Riu Palace Santa Maria, where all of the claimants in the current lawsuit were staying, have come under scrutiny, as well as the level of medical care available on Cape Verde. UK Foreign Office travel advice warns that healthcare on the islands “is very basic and limited”, and The Sun has reported tourists describing “‘war zone’ hospitals, flooded with patients”.

What are the lawsuits?

Several other group action lawsuits “are expected to be listed at the High Court in the coming months”, said The Sun.

The current one involves over 300 Brits who fell ill after staying at Riu Palace in 2022. Some reported contracting bacterial infections, such as E. coli, salmonella or shigella; others had parasitic infections, such as cryptosporidium. Many required hospital treatment abroad or on their return home. They include 62-year-old Jane Pressley, who fell ill with symptoms of gastric illness days into her holiday in 2022, and died three weeks after coming home.

Their claim alleges that Tui “breached its legal duties” as a tour operator “by failing to protect holidaymakers from illness and by not ensuring that hotel and swimming pool facilities were maintained to reasonable standards of cleanliness”.

Tui is contesting the allegations. Together with Riu Hotels & Resorts, it issued a statement saying that both companies were “deeply saddened” by the deaths, and offering “heartfelt condolences to the families affected”.

California’s governor has been an outspoken critic of the Trump administration, and he has found his latest target: Gavin Newsom (D) has filed a civil rights complaint against Dr. Mehmet Oz, the head of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, over the latter’s allegations of health care fraud in the Golden State. While Newsom has claimed the allegations are racially motivated, Oz is pushing back.

Video origins

The feud began after Oz posted a video on X claiming to document health care fraud being perpetrated by Armenian immigrants throughout Los Angeles County. The county has become an “epicenter for health care fraud in America,” Oz said in the video, alleging $3.5 billion of fraud in Los Angeles and that the schemes are “run, quite a bit of it, by the Russian Armenian mafia.”

Oz’s allegations are largely against hospice centers and home health care businesses. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, which Oz runs, “certifies hospice providers to accept patients on government-subsidized health insurance,” said The Associated Press.

The fraud “isn’t isolated to California, though as far as our team can tell, it’s the worst,” said Oz. But while he claims to be focusing on medical fraud, the video showed him standing not in front of a health care center but an Armenian-owned bakery.

In response to the video, Newsom filed a civil rights complaint against Oz. The video includes “racially charged and false public statements,” and Oz’s words “reveal a discriminatory motive that could infect how allegations of alleged fraud are conducted,” Newsom said in the filing.

The filing represents the peak of a “dayslong public quarrel” between Newsom and Oz, said The Guardian. The Armenian National Committee of America also filed a similar civil rights complaint.

‘No Armenian mafia going on here’

Newsom is not the only one disputing Oz’s allegations. California, and specifically the greater Los Angeles area, has the largest Armenian American population in the U.S., according to the World Population Review, and many are speaking out. The video has “generated intense local backlash” among this Armenian diaspora, said The New York Times. Fraud allegations in Los Angeles have also been investigated before, and “hospice fraud investigations and prosecutions have been ongoing for at least five years in California.”

“I am really disappointed,” said Movses Bislamyan, the owner of the bakery seen in Oz’s video, to KABC-TV Los Angeles. Oz was “recording my signs and location and talking about some kind of fraud going on here. We have nothing to do with it. It has nothing to do whatsoever with the grocery store.” There’s “no Armenian mafia going on here. We are just hard-working businessmen. I don't understand why he’s mentioning" just Armenians, "especially Russian Armenians.” Newsom’s civil rights complaint claimed the bakery experienced a 30% drop in business after the video’s release.

But Oz maintains that he’s identifying fraud and says he will continue to do so. “If there were a real defense for California’s fraud crisis, we would hear it," Oz said on X in response to Newsom’s civil rights complaint. "CMS and law enforcement will keep doing the actual work: going after fraudsters, period."

Men, if you’re feeling irritable, tired and have a low sex drive, the problem is a lack of testosterone, at least according to adverts plastered across London Underground stations.

“It’s not him, it’s his hormones,” says one such ad from Voy, which promises that you’ll “feel healthier, happier and stronger” with a testosterone top-up, but experts told The Telegraph that the claims are “exaggerated, unethical and dangerous”.

Painfully miscalculated

“Are your men hormones getting the better of you?” says one of the company’s ads. “Men get hormonal too,” said another. Many clinics are also offering testosterone boosts, with promotional material that is “peppered with photographs of muscular, grey-haired men running athletically along beaches”, said The Times. They promise that testosterone prescriptions can help “low mood, low libido, erectile dysfunction, poor sleep, mental alertness and depression”, plus “weight loss and gaining muscle at the gym”.

But Ashley Grossman, professor of endocrinology at the University of Oxford, told the broadsheet that he was “surprised” the advertising authority hasn’t “stepped in with these people”, because no NHS body and no pharmaceutical company would “dream of advertising testosterone replacement willy-nilly” that way.

The Voy ads are “rage bait” and “painfully miscalculated”, said Creative Bloq. Attempting to “commandeer the belittling sexist language of the women’s health sphere”, they are “hamfisted” and a “prime example of a thought-provoking concept” with “extremely questionable execution”. Yes, they’re “undeniably provocative”, but they “register more as a sarcastic appropriation” of stereotypes in women’s health advertising.

Testosterone levels naturally decline

The “myth” being “peddled” by testosterone sales companies is that men “suffer from a similar hormonal change as women in later life”, said The Telegraph, and the firms “also play on the strong association in popular culture between testosterone and vitality”.

But although some men suffer from a condition known as hypogonadism, which is associated with low testosterone, “its incidence is extremely rare in otherwise healthy men”, said the broadsheet, and for the “vast majority” of men, testosterone levels “drift down gradually and naturally” from middle age “without affecting mood, stamina or strength”.

Treating men who don’t need testosterone “tricks the brain” into thinking there’s enough testosterone, causing the testes to become “temporarily dormant and shrink”. It can also “cause bone marrow to produce too many red blood cells”, which makes blood thicker and increases the risk of a heart attack or stroke, said The Times. Taking illegal levels through steroids is also risky, because steroids are “addictive” and can cause infertility, liver and kidney damage, and mood swings.

A spokesperson for Voy told The Telegraph its advertising complied with regulatory guidance and was intended to raise awareness rather than market inappropriate treatment.

Scientists are putting the pedal to the metal to develop new antibiotics. Metal-based drugs can open a new world of medicine, especially as antimicrobial resistance is growing. Researchers have also found a way to create and test these metal compounds much faster than before through the use of robots.

Metallic medicine

Robotic chemistry can be used to produce and test metal-based antibiotics, according to a study published in the journal Nature Communications. Most modern antibiotics are organic or carbon-based and tend to interact with bacteria in predictable ways. However, metal-containing compounds have a unique geometry that “allows them to interact with bacteria in completely different ways, potentially overcoming the resistance mechanisms that defeat current drugs,” said a release about the study.

Researchers used robots and “click chemistry,” a “method where two molecular components are ‘bolted’ together efficiently,” to produce over 600 compounds, said the release. “We opted to use liquid-handling robots to do the chemistry because it’s just combining different reagents in the right ratios," said Angelo Frei, the lead author of the study, to Live Science. This method allowed for the rapid testing of the compounds, turning months of work into just days, though careful checks were still required.

An iridium metal complex was specifically identified as a promising antibiotic drug. It “demonstrated high effectiveness against bacteria, including strains similar to the deadly MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), while displaying low toxicity to human cells,” said the release. The compound was “about 50 to 100 times more active against bacteria than it was toxic to human cells,” a difference that is “vital to ensure that the complex is simultaneously effective in treating an infection but safe to use on human tissues,” said Live Science.

Revved-up research

The findings come at a time when antibiotic resistance is becoming more of a danger. “The pipeline for new antibiotics has been running dry for decades,” Frei said in the release. “Traditional screening methods are slow and the pharmaceutical industry has largely withdrawn from this space due to low returns on investment. We have to think differently.” Different metal compositions “can hit bacteria in several ways, which matters when single-target drugs stop working,” said Earth.com. A metal center “can change its charge and grip key bacterial proteins, which can stall processes needed for growth.”

There has been a “misconception that metal-based drugs are inherently toxic,” said the release. However, “metal complexes actually have a higher ‘hit rate’ for being antibacterial without being toxic compared to standard organic molecules.” Still, because bacteria evolve quickly, there is a risk of resistance developing to these compounds over time. The good news is that robotic chemistry can significantly speed up research. “The iridium compound we discovered is exciting, but the real breakthrough is the speed at which we found it,” Frei said. “This approach could be the key to avoiding a future where routine infections become fatal again.” The method could also be used beyond antibiotics and help further several areas of biomedical research.

Poisoned apples may sound like the stuff of fairytales, but one of Europe’s favourite fruit might warrant a real-life health warning as environmental groups raise the alarm over toxic pesticide residues.

Pesticide Action Network (Pan) Europe, a coalition of NGOs, analysed apples bought in 13 European countries. It found residue from multiple pesticides – so-called “pesticide cocktails” – in 85% of apples.

In 71% of cases, the apples contained at least one residue of pesticides classed “among the most hazardous in the EU”, Pan Europe said.

The cocktail effect

Apples are the most widely grown fruit in Europe and “are also among the most heavily treated”, said Agence France-Presse.

Most of the pesticides employed by farmers target apple scab, “the main fungal threat to orchards”. The EU permits pesticide residue up to a certain level – but the Pan Europe research focused on the “cocktail effect”: exposure to several pesticides in one product.

The study, conducted last September, revealed that 64% of apple samples contained at least one residue of PFAS pesticides, also known as “forever chemicals”. Fludioxonil – a chemical toxic to human livers and kidneys – was found in nearly 40% of samples. “It should have been banned, but EU member states have been blocking this for a year now,” Pan Europe said in a statement.

Most residues also exceeded the stricter limits of pesticide levels for children under three. If the apples were sold as processed baby food, 93% of them would be banned.

A growing risk

The “damning report” criticised the EU’s risk assessment procedure, which assesses pesticides individually, or “in silos”, and disregards the “cocktail” effect, said Euronews.

“The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was tasked 20 years ago to develop a methodology to regulate the cocktail effects of pesticides, but they still do not fulfil this legal obligation,” said Gergely Simon, a campaigner at Pan Europe. “Young parents are not aware that feeding their children with fresh conventional fruits or vegetables strongly increases their exposure to pesticides, sometimes more than 600 times.”

Residue levels are also rising. Between 2012 and 2022, the average pesticide residue levels in the top 10 fruits consumed by children rose by 17%, a Foodwatch Netherlands study found.

The European Commission and EFSA have been working since 2021 to “expand cumulative risk assessments to more pesticide groups”, said Euronews. But in 2025, the EU proposed changes that would “weaken pesticide regulation”. Now, with rules to address pesticide cocktails “in limbo”, campaign groups are urging the bloc to “speed up”.

President Donald Trump has long bragged that he is the healthiest and strongest president in U.S. history, and while this claim has been almost universally met with skepticism, he isn’t the only one to make this assertion. White House officials during both of Trump’s terms have made grandiose statements about the president’s health. But at 79, some people are questioning how healthy the oldest person ever elected president truly is.

Harold Bornstein: ‘healthiest individual ever elected’

In 2015, prior to Trump being elected for the first time, his then-physician, Dr. Harold Bornstein, released a letter with a glowing endorsement of his health. Trump “has had no significant medical problems,” and if “elected, Mr. Trump, I can state unequivocally, will be the healthiest individual ever elected to the presidency,” Bornstein said in his letter. He also claimed that Trump’s blood pressure and lab results were “astonishingly excellent” and said Trump had lost 15 pounds during the prior year.

But several years later, Bornstein revealed that the letter was actually written by Trump. “He dictated that whole letter. I didn’t write that letter. I just made it up as I went along,“ Bornstein said to CNN. Bornstein also revealed that he wrote the letter “in just five minutes while a limo sent by the candidate waited outside his Manhattan office,” the doctor said to NBC News. However, Bornstein, who died in 2021, also claimed that he stood by the overall assessment of Trump’s health.

Ronny Jackson: Trump is in ‘excellent health’

During Trump’s first term in 2018, the then-White House doctor, Dr. Ronny Jackson, gave similarly glowing reviews to Trump’s health that prompted skepticism. There is “no evidence that the president has any issues whatsoever with his thought process,” and Trump has a “lot of energy and stamina,” Jackson said to reporters at a White House press briefing. Jackson also said that he administered a cognitive exam to Trump, which he passed.

The internet also met with further doubt the idea that Trump was 6’3” and 239 pounds, which put his body mass index “just below the 30.0 threshold for him to be officially described as obese, rather than merely overweight,” said The Washington Post. Jackson’s press conference occurred the same month a tabloid-style book, “Fire and Fury,” was released, which “led to speculation about Trump’s mental fitness for office,” said NPR. The release of the book led to the infamous moment when Trump called himself a “very stable genius” on social media.

Stephen Miller: Trump is ‘superhuman’

Many people in Trump’s circle have championed his supposed vitality in his second term, none more so than White House Deputy Chief of Staff Stephen Miller. Miller, who is no stranger to controversial remarks, has claimed that Trump has near-godlike abilities. The president “can work harder and he has a better memory and he has more stamina and has more energy than a normal mortal,” Miller said in an interview with New York magazine. “The headline of your story should be ‘The Superhuman President.’”

But these “strenuous assertions came alongside signs that made Trump seem more mortal than ever, from his dismal approval rating to the growing likelihood that Republicans will lose control of at least one chamber of Congress,” said New York. The president seemed undeterred. If “you’re going to write a bad story about my health, I’m going to sue the ass off of New York magazine,” Trump told the outlet.

James Jones: Trump in better health than Obama

Former President Barack Obama is known for his vigorous fitness routine and healthy habits, but according to at least one doctor, Trump is the healthier person. Dr. James Jones, the White House physician’s assistant, chose Trump when asked in the same New York magazine interview who was in better health. When the question was asked, Trump, who was in the room, “stared across the desk, making eye contact with Jones. Jones didn’t hesitate. ‘President Trump,’ he said.”

Some may find this hard to believe, as Obama is a “fitness fanatic rumored to allow himself precisely seven almonds a night,” said New York magazine. But Trump’s EKG shows that he is “14 years younger. So age 65,” James said to the outlet. “His stamina demonstrates that. We get a view that nobody else does. Nobody can stay up with him. The rest of the staff is tired; we are too. And he’s not.”

Trump: ‘physical specimen’

Trump himself has compared his physique not only to Obama but also former President George W. Bush. Dr. Ronny Jackson claimed that Trump was the “best physical specimen” of the three presidents, Trump said during a 2025 speech in Norfolk, Virginia. Jackson believed that Trump was in the “best shape, the healthiest,” and the “best physical specimen,” Trump added.

This is not the first time Trump has championed his physicality in public, with another notable moment coming during his 2024 debate with former President Joe Biden. “I think I’m in very good shape. I feel that I’m in as good a shape as I was 25, 30 years ago,” Trump said during the debate, while also bragging about a series of cognitive tests he took during his first term.

Trump: meetings are ‘boring as hell’

Given Trump’s age, concerns arose during his second term when video appeared to show him falling asleep during a Cabinet meeting, his eyes closing as he apparently struggled to stay awake. But the White House — and Trump himself — said this was not the case and that he was only closing his eyes because he was bored.

The Cabinet meetings are “boring as hell; I’m going around a room, and I’ve got 28 guys — the last one was three and a half hours. I have to sit back and listen, and I move my hand so that people will know I’m listening,” Trump said to New York magazine in the same interview. “I’m hearing every word, and I can’t wait to get out,” he added. But this did little to assuage the mounting “speculation about the president’s ability to deal with chronic venous insufficiency and lead the country by past staffers, political strategists and the public,” said The Hill.

Trump: ‘I don’t want thick blood’

Further eyebrows were raised when Trump made more comments on his health during an interview with The Wall Street Journal. The most notable revelation was that Trump takes 325 milligrams of aspirin daily; the most common daily dosage is only 81 milligrams, according to the Mayo Clinic. But Trump takes a higher dosage because “aspirin is good for thinning out the blood, and I don’t want thick blood pouring through my heart,” the president said to the Journal, claiming this was what caused excessive bruising on his hands.

Beyond the aspirin, people around Trump “say they often have to speak loudly in meetings with the president because he strains to hear,” the Journal reported. Trump also “doesn’t get regular exercise, and he is known to consume a diet heavy on salty and fatty foods, such as hamburgers and french fries.” Despite this, Trump is in“exceptional health and perfectly suited to execute his duties,” Navy Capt. Sean Barbabella, Trump’s doctor, told the Journal.

There have been two confirmed cases of Nipah virus in a hospital in West Bengal, India. Close to 200 people were also exposed to the infection. This has sparked concern across Asia, as the virus is extremely contagious. Several Asian countries have now instituted Covid-era airport screenings to monitor the spread of infection for which there’s currently no vaccine or cure.

From bat to human

This zoonotic infection originates from direct contact with infected animals — mainly flying fox bats and pigs — or their contaminated tissues and secretions. The disease can spread easily from person-to-person through contact with bodily fluids and cause minor to severe infections with a fatality rate of between 40% and 70%.

Those infected are “typically sick for 3 to 14 days with fever, headache, cough, sore throat and difficulty breathing,” said the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In more severe cases, people may experience “brain swelling (or encephalitis), where severe symptoms can include confusion, drowsiness and seizures,” which can lead to coma in 24 to 48 hours. Symptoms may appear anywhere from four to 14 days after infection.

While this virus is making headlines now, Nipah was first discovered in Malaysia in 1999. Since then, outbreaks have “occurred almost annually in Asia, particularly in Bangladesh and India,” between December and April, said The Washington Post.

But the current outbreak is West Bengal’s first since 2007. This represents a “return of Nipah to this area after a long gap, which is concerning from a surveillance standpoint,” Lauren Sauer, the director of the Special Pathogen Research Network at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, said to the Post. A total of 196 contacts of the infected were quarantined and tested negative for the virus.

The blueprint

While no official cases have been identified outside of India, Asian countries, including China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal and Thailand, have taken preventative measures. Officials have “increased cleaning and disease-control preparedness at Phuket International Airport,” said The Independent. Other airports are also performing “health declarations, temperature checks and visual monitoring for arriving passengers,” said The Associated Press.

Many of these measures were established during the Covid-19 pandemic. When scientists were “racing to find the origins of the coronavirus pandemic in 2020, the first Nipah outbreak was viewed as a case study in zoonotic disease spillover from animals to humans,” said the Post.

India has also “ensured timely containment of the cases” through “enhanced surveillance, laboratory testing and field investigations,” said the Indian Ministry of Health in a statement. Because there’s no preventive or curative medicine, avoiding infection is the best course of action.

If you have traveled or live in an area with an outbreak, wash your hands regularly with soap and water and avoid contact with items that could be contaminated by flying fox bats or pigs. Also avoid the bodily fluids of anyone who has come in contact with the virus.

“Work is ongoing to establish a global platform for countries to report genome sequencing of detected cases,” Singapore’s Communicable Diseases Agency said in a statement. Most of the more recent Nipah outbreaks were found in Kerala, India. In 2018, at least 17 people were killed by the virus.

Britain’s resident doctors are embroiled in ongoing industrial action over an intractable pay dispute, which has been running since March 2023. Average pay for resident doctors (previously junior doctors) has risen, in total, by 28.9% since then, with a pay rise of 8.8% awarded by the last government, and three separate rises given by Labour since. But the doctors’ union, the British Medical Association, is demanding “full pay restoration”, arguing that the value of resident doctors’ pay has been eroded heavily by inflation since 2008/09, and that an additional 26% pay increase for members “over the next few years” is needed.

The dispute isn’t only about pay, however: there are long-standing gripes among resident doctors about working conditions. The BMA also complains that there are insufficient numbers of training posts. It is now demanding that UK medical graduates are prioritised for training posts in future.

Who are resident doctors and what do they earn?

They are the workhorses of the NHS, providing most day-to-day medical care in hospitals. There are 79,000 of them across the NHS, making up about half the doctors in secondary care (hospitals). They range from newly qualified “foundation” doctors to “core trainees” and specialised registrars, all working under the supervision of more senior doctors.

The government’s average full-time basic pay figure for resident doctors is £54,000. But this covers quite a range, from £38,830 for the newly qualified, to registrars who can earn as much as £74,000. Also, in practice they earn between a quarter and a third more than their basic salary from overtime, unsocial-hours pay, and so on.

Do they have a point about pay?

Doctors certainly suffered real-terms pay cuts between 2008 and 2024. The BMA says that pay remains a fifth lower than it was then, despite recent pay rises. (Pay for most UK jobs is about the same or slightly less than in 2008.) The exact proportion is, though, contested: the BMA uses the RPI measure of inflation for pay calculations, while the government uses the CPI, which is typically lower.

The proportion of UK doctors, particularly those trained abroad, leaving or considering leaving the UK has been rising, in part because of money. The independent pay review body found that resident doctors in Australia are paid 23%- 48% more; in Canada they are paid almost twice as much. In Ireland, France and New Zealand, though, they are paid about the same or less.

What is the government position?

Health Secretary Wes Streeting accepted the review body’s recommendation of a 5.4% rise for 2025/26. The government recognises the need to improve pay over time, but it doesn’t accept unconditional pay restoration claims, deeming them unrealistic when the NHS and public finances are struggling: besides, Streeting says resident doctors have received the highest pay rise of public sector workers in the past three years.

What about the other issues?

The BMA complains that supply of posts for core and speciality training has not kept pace with numbers. This is hard to dispute: figures for last year showed as many as 33,000 doctors chasing as few as 10,000 places. This means that many are stuck in lower-level roles and unable to progress.

Beyond this, resident doctors consistently report a range of workplace problems: excessive workload; staffing shortages; high levels of stress and burnout; poor access to basic facilities, such as rest areas and canteens.

What is Streeting’s response?

In December, the Health Secretary made an offer that included a rapid expansion of training posts, and emergency legislation to give UK medical graduates priority for the posts; before this they had competed on equal terms with foreign-trained doctors. He had earlier offered to pay resident doctors’ exam fees, and cover mandatory membership costs for medical royal colleges, which add up to several thousand pounds while doctors train to become consultants.

Streeting has also said that NHS trusts need to be “better employers”, and that he is open to negotiation on working conditions – but not on pay.

Why is the dispute so bitter?

Historically, strikes by NHS doctors have been extremely unusual. Before 2016, resident doctors hadn’t staged a national strike since 1975. But in 2022, a hardline group calling themselves “Doctors Vote” gained control of the BMA’s resident doctors committee, and there have since been 14 strikes – evidence of deep anger and disillusion. (Doctors Vote’s grip on the union has weakened to some extent in recent months.)

Labour, for its part, feels that it has committed fully to resolving this dispute – Streeting’s first meeting as Health Secretary was with the BMA – and has made generous offers. A war of words has escalated between the two sides. Streeting described the decision to strike during December, when flu was at record levels, as “morally reprehensible”, “reckless” and a threat to patient safety.

The BMA has accused the Health Secretary of “emotional blackmail”, “scaremongering” and “grandstanding”.

Can a resolution be reached?

We shall see, when the results of the latest BMA ballot on whether industrial action should continue over a further six months are revealed on 2 February. The two sides appear to be deadlocked. Streeting seems to have won the public argument. Polling suggests that support for the strikes had fallen from a majority in 2024 to around 30% by December; several high-profile doctors, including Sir Robert Winston, have quit the BMA in protest at its strategy.

However, he has not so far won over those who matter most: the resident doctors. The last ballot, in December, on a turnout of 65%, saw 83% of doctors vote to continue striking. Last week, negotiations were reported to be planned between the two sides. But at this stage, further walkouts over the coming months look likely

How strikes affect the NHS

During strikes, consultants are drafted in to “act down” and cover their more junior colleagues’ shifts. Non-urgent appointments are routinely postponed. At least 1.7 million appointments have been rescheduled owing to industrial action since the end of 2022, according to data from August – dealing a blow to the government’s efforts to cut waiting lists. The strikes also carry a large financial cost, as consultants are expensive (this is notoriously hard to estimate, but between April 2023 and May 2024 it is thought to have exceeded £1.7 billion). This diverts resources away from other parts of the health service, and potentially impacts patient care. It also places additional burdens on staff and morale.

However, NHS England has got better at dealing with walkouts. During the most recent 17-22 December strike, NHS figures indicate, over 90% of planned operations, tests and procedures were maintained – though that still meant that tens of thousands of procedures were disrupted. It was even reported that strikes by younger doctors before Christmas helped to forestall a winter crisis in the NHS, because senior medics are more confident in their decision making: they admitted fewer patients, were quicker to discharge them, and ordered fewer diagnostic tests.

Cases of scabies are rising across the UK, with health experts struggling to account for the sudden increase.

In the second week of January, GPs reported just under 900 cases of scabies across England, which was nearly 20% higher than the same period the year before. And as doctors are only required to report cases of scabies in communal settings, like nursing homes, the total number of cases in England right now is likely to be much, much higher.

What is scabies?

When you hear scabies mentioned, you may think of a “Victorian-era” disease, symptomatic of “dirty conditions” and “bad housing”, said Clare Wilson in The i Paper. “If so, you’d be wrong”: firstly, it is thought to have been identified in Roman times, and secondly, scabies can affect anyone, irrespective of hygiene levels.

The itchy rash is caused by microscopic mites that burrow, live, and reproduce in the skin. Invisible to the human eye, they are around 0.4mm in diameter, and can burrow around 2.5cm – roughly the length of a fingertip – into your skin. The mites can also survive up to 36 hours outside the body. Only 10 females are needed to cause a significant outbreak, which can linger for months, and even years, if not treated correctly.

The itchy bumps, rash and discoloured “burrow” lines are an allergic reaction to the faeces of the mites, and “while not a serious condition, scabies can be very itchy and irritating”, said the BBC. This can exacerbate existing skin conditions like eczema, or cause secondary bacterial and skin infections.

Why is it spreading so quickly now?

The short answer is that there is no one, simple, cause for the spread. While there is “no definitive reason” behind the scabies rise, the back-to-school rush in September can kick-start transmission, as can the Christmas season, where “close contact in shared spaces is common”, Donald Grant, GP and senior clinical advisor at The Independent Pharmacy, told Women’s Health.

Scabies is often mistaken for an STI, as the groin area is “one of the most commonly affected” places, said The Guardian. Between 2023 and 2024, sexual health services registered a 44% increase in diagnoses of scabies – 4,872 up from 3,393. The mites are often transferred through “prolonged skin-to-skin contact”, so sexual partners are much more likely to be infected.

Numbers have kept creeping up since the Covid pandemic, which has left doctors “scratching their heads”. More and more contact, and fewer constraints on socialising, could have led to a “potential ‘ping-pong’ effect”, where “individuals are continuously reinfested within households or close groups of friends”. As symptoms can take “four to six weeks to develop”, and are most contagious before symptoms show, bugs can “lurk undetected while those affected are most contagious”.

Other factors in the spread include the “strain on NHS GP waiting lists”, and “lack of guidance and redirection to pharmacies”, Michael Marks, Professor of Medicine at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, told the newspaper.

How to prevent and treat it?

The most common treatment is permethrin cream – also known as Lyclear – which “paralyses and kills the mites”, Hanna Yusuf, prescribing pharmacist at Chemist4U, told Cosmopolitan. The online pharmacy saw “year-on-year sales almost double” in January, “reflecting how many people are seeking treatment right now”. Available on prescription, the cream is applied all over the body from the neck down, and left for eight to 14 hours before being washed off. It often needs to be reapplied a week later, to kill off any eggs that have hatched into mites during that period.

Contaminated items that can’t be washed “should be sealed in a plastic bag for at least 72 hours”, and it is recommended to “vacuum mattresses, sofas and carpets” if there has been any contact.

To mitigate and prevent outbreaks, the NHS advises washing bedding and clothing at 60C or higher, followed by hot tumble drying if available, said The Guardian. If an outbreak has occurred, you should avoid close contact, and stop sharing bedding, towels or other material until the mites have been eradicated.

In a world of endless information, how much do you need to know about your own health?

The company behind the best-known smart ring, Oura Health Oy sold 5.5 million pieces in 2025 and its valuation was around $11 billion (£8.2 billion) last September. The device records everything from “steps to sleep to hormonal health to heart-rate variability”, said Sarah Rappaport in Bloomberg. Based on a survey of 699 Oura members after using the Oura Ring for 30 days, Oura Health Oy said 88% saw their health improve.

Health-tracking devices have been “taking over our fingers and wrists” for the past decade. While wearing one is intended to be “motivational” in the way it prompts you to be healthier, it can also feel like you’re being fed a “real-time deluge of negative data”. These devices can be viewed as taking a “proactive approach” to health but their “data overload” can result in a “host of new stressors”, which work against the main goal of wearing them.

‘Terrifyingly accurate’

Seeing a constant “litany of metrics” can lead to “hyper fixation” on health stats.

These “wedding rings for the wellness era” are “terrifyingly accurate” in their biometric measurement when you first put one on, said Polly Vernon in The Gloss. After a few months of wearing the ring, “things started getting choppy.” Vernon noticed a drop in “sleep scores” despite making no changes “lifestyle-wise”. The “not-so-gentle” warnings about high stress levels induced even more stress to the point that she decided to booked in for a delayed MRI scan. Despite the scan revealing nothing was wrong, her scores remained low.

The “long-term impacts of incessant tracking” are yet to be seen but many are feeling the “health anxiety” that comes with it, said L’Oréal Blackett on Refinery29. It seems to be “fostering hypervigilance”, Dr Sophie Shotter, an aesthetics doctor and wellness specialist, told the site.

Interestingly, women are more prone to this kind of psychological strain as they have “greater physiological variability” than men, said Dr Shotter. For those with “fertility concerns”, perpetual access leads to “false expectations, obsessive use, and stress when tracking their ovulation and menstrual data”.

Devices like the Oura ring need to be monitored so they don’t “take over our lives”, clinical psychologist Thea Gallagher told Bloomberg. As with scales, the problem isn’t the gadget but the mental state of the user. “Some people don’t mind weighing themselves” while others tend to “hyperfocus on their weight in an unhealthy way”.

‘Different for everyone’

The key benefit of wearing a health tracker is learning about your heart rate variability (HRV). This metric helps users to note “the way in which their heart changes its rhythm with each beat,” said British Vogue. A high HRV shows good “resilience and longevity” and a lower rate means the body reacts less well to stress.

With a smart ring, you can “identify dips in your HRV, and then make lifestyle changes to bring it back up”. While it is normal for HRV to drop in a stressful situation such as during a hard workout or just before a big meeting, the concern arises when “low-level chronic stress” caused by “work-, money- or health-related anxieties” becomes a part of everyday life”. Wearing a tracker regularly can help get a “better idea” of how stressful your lifestyle really is.

Health tracking is not a trend that’s going to die down, especially as manufacturers move away from “health trackers that are worn somewhere other than the wrist”, said Adrienne So in Wired. Compared to a Fitbit or an Apple Watch, smart rings are “lightweight and more energy efficient, and they don’t have distracting screens.”

The device can also be “lifesaving” at times, particularly for detecting irregular cardiac rhythms that need investigation, said Sarah Rappaport in Bloomberg. It is a tricky balancing act when wearing them and the outcome is “different for everyone”. It “inspires” a healthier lifestyle when you’re feeling good but makes you “feel worse” when you’re already stressed.

When the data gets “too much”, you can “take a step back,” said Holly Shelton, Oura’s chief product officer. “Oura will be here when you’re ready.”

They say travel broadens your mind but, if you’re travelling into space, it could displace your brain.

Results of new study add to a growing body of evidence that astronauts’ brains change position and shape in space. The brain shifts “upward and backward within the skull”, with sensory and motor regions showing the largest shifts, according to a US study published in PNAS this month. These brain shape changes are “considerable”, can lead to disorientation and loss of balance, and can persist after return to Earth for more than six months.

This evidence of brain deformation “could complicate future efforts to explore the cosmos”, said Futurism.

Brain-shifting ‘sensory conflicts’

The researchers examined MRI scans from 26 astronauts who had been in space for varying amounts of time and compared them to scans of 24 Earth-bound volunteers who had been placed on bed rest for up to 60 days with their heads tilted back to simulate a microgravity environment. Both groups experienced changes in brain shape and position but the astronauts’ brains underwent a greater upwards shift.

Most of the astronauts’ brain deformation “recovered over six months post-flight” but “some persisted”, the study concluded. The “health and human performance implications” of these findings require “further study to pave the way for safer human space exploration”.

Those astronauts who went to space for a year “showed the largest changes”, said study co-author Rachael D. Seidler, an expert in spaceflight-induced neuroplasticity at the University of Florida. And those who had stayed in space for six months or longer still had upward movement that was “pretty extensive”.

“It’s in the order of a couple of millimeters,” Siedler told NBC News. That “doesn’t sound like a big number but, when you’re talking about brain movement, it really is”. And “we need to understand” the “sensory conflicts” these changes cause, “and their impacts”, so we can “keep astronauts safe and healthy and protect their longevity”.

Microgravity and Mars

The study findings have “implications for Nasa’s goals to conduct long-duration missions to the Moon and Mars”, said NBC News.

Scientists already knew that spaceflight could affect the brain, but this study is among the first to document how those shifts influence how astronauts function in space and back on Earth. Previous studies have also found that space travel can cause changes in the brain’s white matter, leading to sensorimotor issuesand a condition commonly known as Space Adaptation Syndrome.

Space travel has also been found to accelerate bone density loss and the destruction of blood cells, put pressure on the eyes that can cause vision problems, and lead to deterioration of muscle strength. Cosmic radiation poses a series of risks, such as cognitive impairment and blood-brain barrier damage.

But further research on the long-term effects of space on humans is hamstrung by the small available sample size. Although the number of long-duration human spaceflights has increased significantly over the past 15 years, they are still very rare.

“In short,” said Futurism, “we’re only beginning to understand how microgravity affects our brains”. More research “could prove invaluable” if we’re thinking of venturing “even deeper into space”.

A Chinese app that requires you to regularly check in to prove you’re alright has soared in popularity, thanks to the number of people living on their own.

Are You Dead? (Sileme in Mandarin) this week became the most downloaded paid app in the China’s history, and has put the spotlight on the ballooning numbers of single-person households in the country.

Droves of downloads

“The concept is simple”: you must check in every two days by “clicking a large button to confirm that you are alive”, said the BBC. If you don’t, “it will get in touch with your appointed emergency contact”. Launched last year to “not much fanfare”, the app’s notoriety has since “exploded” as young people who live alone in Chinese cities have begun “downloading it in droves”.

In an interview with Chinese media, Guo Mengchu, one of the app’s founders, said he planned to sell a tenth of his shares for one million yuan (£106,000). Based on this, the app’s value has been estimated at more than 10 million yuan (£1 million).

Its popularity rests largely on how many people live alone in China. In 2024, those who lived alone accounted for about 20% of all Chinese households, compared with 15% a decade earlier. It’s forecast that, by 2030, there may be up to 200 million one-person households in China.

What’s in a name?

Sileme is a pun on the popular food delivery app Ele.me (“Are you hungry?” in English). But some people were “quick to bash the app’s less than cheery name”, said the BBC, suggesting it should be changed to “Are you OK?” or something else “with a more positive spin”.

Two days ago, the company said that “after extensive consideration”, the app will adopt its current overseas name, Demumu, in the app’s next Chinese iteration.

Guo explained that “de” was an abbreviation for death, while “mumu” was a cute-sounding, nonsense word. But some Chinese users think the change is a mistake, arguing that the app’s striking name was part of its viral appeal.

“If someone had warned me, my daughter would still be here,” florist Laure Marivain told Le Monde. Her 11-year-old child, Emmy, died in 2022 after seven years battling leukaemia. In a landmark case two years later, French officials acknowledged a link between Emmy’s death and her exposure to pesticides during her mother’s pregnancy, when Laure was working as a florist.

Now, said The Guardian, voices from within the industry are “raising the alarm”.

‘Bleak picture’

Unlike food, there is “no upper limit” on the residue levels from pesticides sprayed onto cut flowers in the UK, EU or US, said The Guardian. And our bouquets are bursting with them. According to the British Florist Association, the UK imports around 85% of its flowers, often from countries like Ethiopia and Ecuador where pesticide regulations are limited.

A cocktail of chemicals protects flowers from disease and pests, helping to give customers “perfect blooms, year-round”. But for the people working with flowers for hours each day, pesticides can be “absorbed through skin contact or inhalation”. Buying a bouquet at your local shop “won’t necessarily put you at risk” – that is borne by the growers and florists.

The few studies that examine the link “paint a bleak picture”, said The Guardian. In 1990, research published in the Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health found that female Colombian flower workers, who were exposed to 127 different pesticides, had higher rates of premature births and birth defects.

Concerning levels of pesticides remain in shop-bought bouquets. A study from 2019 carried out by the University of Liège, for example, analysed samples from 90 Belgian flower shops and found 107 pesticides were present, 70 of which were detected in the florists’ urine samples. The authors recommended an “urgent need to raise the awareness” of the dangers of this level of exposure.

A public outcry following Emmy Marivain’s death saw the French government launch an initial study to examine the “exposure to pesticides faced by professionals in the flower industry”, said Le Monde. While the conclusions aren’t expected for a few more years, it is hoped the work will lead to “proposals for regulatory changes” such as setting upper maximum limits for pesticides and banning the importation of flowers found to have residue “classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic to reproduction”.

Sustainability in bloom

Over in the UK, “the sustainable flower movement is blossoming”, said the Financial Times. Daylesford Organic in the Cotswolds, Organic Blooms in Bristol and Over the Hedge in Sheffield are among the “few UK flower growers that are certified organic by the Soil Association”. But small-scale growers are often “excluded” from this arena, as sustainable certifications can be prohibitively expensive.

When you “know what you’re looking for”, it becomes easier to spot which flowers are chemical-free. With roses, for example, unlike the “ramrod-straight stems” you see in the supermarket, sustainable flowers usually have shorter stems, with multiple heads. “They look like they’ve come from the garden”, florist and co-founder of the School of Sustainable Floristry, Cissy Bullock told the newspaper. Try to “buy local and seasonal” as you would with food or, “even better”, buy directly from the growers themselves.

For florists, though, avoiding pesticides is trickier. There are no “occupational hazard guidelines” available and many florists only learn about the risks through “word of mouth”, said The Guardian. Most florists “buy ‘blind’” from wholesalers as the labels often “lack clear information about chemical usage, origin and labour practices”. And with the cost of cut flowers soaring to “sky-high prices” and shrinking margins, it’s understandable that some may not want to address “something as insidious as pesticides. After all, you can’t see them, so it’s easy to pretend they’re not there.”

Bad news for all those who have been trying to make “Jabuary” a thing, said Angus Colwell in The Spectator. The launch of the world’s first weight-loss pill – which has gone on sale in the US at a fraction of the cost of injectable versions – has rather stolen their thunder. Patients used to paying more than $1,000 a month for the jabs can now get the “starting dose” of Novo Nordisk’s Wegovy pill for a knockdown $149 per month.

The Danish pharma has stolen a march on its US rival Eli Lilly with the pill, which received approval from the US regulator just before Christmas, said Julia Kollewe in The Guardian. Prepare for an accelerating “price war” as Eli Lilly prepares to launch its own oral treatment.

Novo Nordisk could certainly use the head start. Once the most valuable company in Europe, it is hoping to “claw back market share” after a disastrous 2025 in which it “issued several profit warnings, cut thousands of jobs” and underwent a boardroom coup, after losing out to Lilly’s Mounjaro and Zepbound treatments. Shares rose by more than 4% after the pill launched, but are still down by 44% over the past year.

Novo Nordisk hopes that the pill – which mimics the GLP-1 hormone that reduces appetite – will unleash huge pent-up demand from patients who baulked at the idea of injections. Still, competition is intensifying, said Patrick Temple-West in the Financial Times. A Pfizer drug is in early-stage testing, and “nearly two dozen” Chinese companies are preparing to launch generic weight-loss drugs, according to Goldman Sachs. Anti-fat drugs have delivered “outsized profits”, but pressure on pricing is building. The question for 2026 is whether investors will “lose their appetite for the obesity trade”.

It can feel rude when a friend always turns up late to meet you but are they actually being rude or do they have a disorder?

“Being late is one of the quickest ways to strain relationships,” said Indian Express. But “time blindness”, or the inability to determine how long a task will take, or conceptualise how much time has passed, is becoming an increasingly understood condition.

‘Built-in excuse’

The trend was first recognised in the 1990s, when Russell Barkley, a retired clinical neuropsychologist at the University of Massachusetts, linked time impairment with people with ADHD or autism, calling it “temporal myopia.”

“What’s new is how broadly the label now gets applied,” said Vice. A “well-documented characteristic” of many people with ADHD, this inability relates to executive function that occurs in the frontal lobes of the brain, Stephanie Sarkis, a psychotherapist in Florida, told the Associated Press.

Although “anyone can have issues with running late”, but with ADHD there’s “functional impairment”, she said, and this “impacts family life and social life” as well as work and “money management”.

But not everyone who is “chronically late” has ADHD or a “built-in excuse”, said the outlet. Jeffrey Meltzer, a therapist in Florida who works with people who never turn up on time, said some people who hate small talk fear arriving early, and others who feel they don’t have much control over their lives may try to reclaim a few minutes from responsibilities.

‘Practical solutions’

If a person’s chronic tardiness is “one star in the constellation of symptoms,” said Sarkis, then it could be a treatable disorder, because studies suggest that stimulant medication prescribed for other ADHD is also effective at treating time blindness.

Actually, the “solutions tend to be practical rather than philosophical”, said Vice, and these can include “external timers”, “checklists” and “overestimating how long things take”.

But the “uncomfortable truth” is that even if lateness comes from “different places”, it can “feel the same on the receiving end”, so “understanding the cause can build empathy”.

The Department of Health and Human Services’ updated nutritional guidelines, released Wednesday, are a stark departure from prior food pyramids. The guidelines, spearheaded by HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., are drawing eyes thanks to their emphasis on protein, specifically red meat and full-fat dairy products. But while the Trump administration says this new food pyramid will lead to a healthier American public, some medical experts are skeptical.

‘Untethered from scientific research’

The government’s new recommendations are basically the complete opposite of the old food pyramid, and the “now-inverted food pyramid prominently features a steak, an entire chicken, and whole milk up top, relegating carbs to the bottom point — minor real estate compared to the portion they occupied before,” said Mother Jones. But these recommendations are “untethered from scientific research” and “seem more aligned with a burgeoning source of dietary advice: hypermasculine influencers.”

The new pyramid was prepared with nutritionists who have “food industry ties,” said Axios, creating a potential conflict of interest. The push for a diet heavy on red meat “also comes at a time of soaring prices for beef and other foods and may be impractical for Americans on tight budgets.” Kennedy has also claimed to be ending the “war” on saturated fats, which health officials have long urged people to limit. But “some questioned how Kennedy could assert this” when the recommendations “maintain advice to limit intake to 10% or less of total calories.”

Despite these criticisms, a “lot of the advice in the pyramid is sound,” said Slate. Additional protein “certainly does help build muscle and strength, and there’s at least some evidence it can aid in weight loss.” But most doctors are “very disappointed in the new pyramid that features red meat and saturated fat sources at the very top, as if that’s something to prioritize. It does go against decades and decades of evidence and research,” said Christopher Gardner, a nutrition expert at Stanford University, to NPR.

‘Eating real food’

Despite the clear skepticism from some health experts, others say the new recommendations could help Americans be healthier. The “overall focus on eating real food is great,” since the “majority of our diets come from ultra-processed foods that are linked to an array of chronic diseases,” said Lindsey Smith Taillie, a nutrition epidemiologist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, to PBS NewsHour. So the advice to eat whole foods could be “enormously helpful, both for policymakers and for your everyday consumer.”

Humans “need fat for basic cellular and biological functions in the body — fats, or lipids, are essential for creating cellular membranes, absorbing hormones and vitamins and regulating body temperature,” said Scientific American. And children could benefit from the change as well, some experts say. The focus on real foods "could have profound effects, as the majority of school lunches are coming from ready-to-eat, ready-to-heat and highly processed sources,” Taillie said to PBS NewsHour. And guidelines for added sugar restrictions, a common cause of obesity, are also “much more strict than previous recommendations.”

For many, a new year brings a determination to break old habits or start new, positive ones.

At this time of year “holiday treats and year-end sales confront us at every turn”, so we indulge because it would be “Scrooge-like” to refuse, said psychologist Angela Duckworth in The New York Times. The logical conclusion would be to “try harder” to say no, but studying how people achieve their goals, the opposite may be true. “Willpower is overrated.”

‘Cultural hangover’

Though unwavering self-control may be lauded socially, most successful people “rarely rely on inner fortitude to resist temptations”, said Duckworth. Instead, they exercise “situational agency”, which helps them avoid situations where self-control is required and “minimise the need for willpower in the first place”.

If you want to keep off social media, avoid owning a smartphone, like Ed Sheeran and Zadie Smith. If you duck out of an early morning run with feeble excuses, make sure your “shoes are warm, dry and waiting”, like former Olympic triathlon champion Alistair Brownlee. Making situations more favourable doesn’t “erode grit”; in fact, it has “quite the opposite” effect.

Strengthening our “willpower muscle” has been seen as “just as important as working out at the gym”, said The Observer. Kicking bad habits, and staving off cravings, are marketed as the “key to health and happiness”, but is it possible to “supercharge” willpower? For the last 30 or so years, willpower has been perceived as a “finite resource”, or a “battery that can be drained”, so finding a workaround would theoretically be “akin to asking a genie for infinite wishes”.

However, there are many legitimate reasons why willpower can be diminished. “Difficulties concentrating or achieving” at work or school can be branded as a lack of self-control, when in fact there may be “undiagnosed ADHD, Tourette syndrome or another neurodivergent condition”. Likewise, a lack of willpower may be a “sign we’re over-stretched and need rest”, which could snowball into more serious health problems.

Believing in willpower alone as a means to tackle temptation head-on is a “cultural hangover”, said behavioural scientist Michael Hallsworth in The i Paper. We have been conditioned to believe that it is “more virtuous to fail” in succumbing to desires than to “succeed with help”. But “that attitude is a trap”. If we use aids, short-cuts or tools to sidestep raw “white-knuckling” self-determination, we feel judged or inferior, but that itself can act as a barrier to success.

For those seeking weight loss, the concept of willpower has become a “loaded term”, said the BBC. Many will be familiar with phrases like “it's simple, just eat less”, or “personal responsibility” when confronting obesity. This is “only a fraction” of the weight-loss process.

In addition to external pressures, “what also matters is how you think about it” internally. There are two types of willpower: “flexible” and “rigid”. When someone perceives self-control as “rigid”, once broken, there is no way back. “If you succumb to temptation you basically give in”.

Flexible willpower means that once a rule is broken, it is acknowledged and not broken again. “Needless to say, being flexible is much more successful” for those with long-term goals, said psychologist Eleanor Bryant.

‘Commitment devices’

There is no shame in relying on tricks and tips to achieve your goals, said Hallsworth. “Commitment devices” such as public pledges – think posting your intention to run a half marathon on social media – hold you accountable by “weaponising social pressure against yourself”.

If “soft penalties” don’t cut it, “ratchet up the consequences”. A popular method is donating money to a cause you dislike if you break your rule. Though not infallible, setting up built-in restrictions, such as screen time or “delay apps”, can also be a step in the right direction.

Instead of the threat of punishment, use incentives, psychologist Kimberley Wilson told BBC Radio 4’s “What’s Up Docs?” By telling yourself a “positive story”, you give yourself the “best chance to achieve your goal” and the “rest is likely to follow”.

Be conscious of social pressure, be wary of comparing yourself to others’ achievements and don’t be put off by a “momentary stumble”. With “planning, self-belief and the will to change”, goals can still be achieved, “without a drop of willpower in sight”.

If you’re one of the many starting this New Year with plans for a cleaner, healthier lifestyle, maybe dosing up on vitamins is on your resolution roster?

You’d be in good company: UK sales of vitamin or mineral supplements were forecast to reach £559 million by the end of 2025, according to market research firm Mintel. But, despite the popularity of these supplements, the scientific evidence about their health benefits is mixed.

Why do people take vitamin supplements?

Vitamins and minerals are essential for our health but they are nutrients our bodies can’t produce on their own – so we must get them from our food, most commonly in the form of leafy green vegetables, fruit, whole-grains, nuts, dairy and lean proteins.

But our increasing reliance on ultra-processed food means many of us may not be getting these nutrients from what we eat: fewer than 17% of UK adults meet the recommended daily intake of five fruit or vegetable portions a day, according to the Department of Health’s latest National Diet and Nutrition Survey.

Vitamin and mineral supplements, sold either individually or as a multivitamin, are designed to provide us with the essential nutrients we may be missing out on. Multivitamins vary in composition by brand but usually combine vitamin A, several B vitamins, vitamins C, D, E and K with minerals such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, iodine, copper, selenium, copper, manganese, potassium and chromium.

What does the science say?

Can vitamin and mineral supplements really fill that nutrient gap? The answer, “as you might expect, is complicated”, said Jasmin Fox-Skelly on BBC Future. Clinical trials have had “contradictory results”, and “suggest that whether you will benefit from taking vitamin supplements depends on who you are, as well as the exact micronutrient the supplement contains”.

NHS advice is that, “in most cases”, taking supplements is “not necessary” because most people can get the essential nutrients they need from “eating a healthy, varied and balanced diet”.

Some specific groups may benefit, however. Children aged six months to five years are advised to take a daily supplement containing vitamins A, C and D; pregnant women should take vitamin B9 (folic acid) for the first 12 weeks of pregnancy; pregnant and breastfeeding women should take vitamin D daily, and vegans and vegetarians may benefit from taking a vitamin B12 supplement (B12 is almost exclusively found in animal-based foods).

Those over the age of 65 may need extra vitamins D and B12. And there is some evidence to show that, for older people, a daily dose of multivitamins can boost mental and physical function. A US trial, published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, found that they improved memory and cognition in a group of over 60-year-olds and, in a long-running health study of men over 50, published in JAMA, they “modestly but significantly” reduced the risk of cancer.

Are there any risks?

Yes. “Mega-dosing” – taking large amounts of a particular vitamin – can be very harmful. People who have taken too much vitamin D, for example, have been taken to hospital with seizures, which, in some cases, have led to coma or death. Excess vitamin A can cause severe headaches, blurred vision and problems with co-ordination. And huge doses of vitamin C (once erroneously thought to stave off colds) can stomach upset, diarrhoea and, in extreme cases, kidney stones.

It’s also worth knowing that many single vitamin supplements “lack regulation, contain unlisted ingredients, and are not backed up by randomised controlled trials – the gold standard of medical research”, said Fox-Skelly on BBC Future.

Big-brand multivitamins, however, are generally pretty safe and designed to deliver only the recommended daily allowance of each vitamin and mineral, so taking them daily is not risky, said JoAnn Manson, a professor at the Harvard School of Public Health. For most adults, eating a healthy, balanced diet should provide us with all the nutrients we need but I think if anyone’s worried that their diet isn’t healthy enough, “then taking a multivitamin could be a form of insurance”.

Most of us start the new year with grand ambitions to change our life for the better – only to abandon our well-intentioned resolutions within a few weeks.

According to a YouGov poll from 2024, 17% of Brits cast aside their new year’s resolutions – which are dominated by health and financial goals – within a month, while just 11% of us manage to keep them up for a whole year. Strava dubbed the second Tuesday of January “Quitter’s Day”, said Tech Radar, following an analysis of its data that found a sharp drop in activity on that date.

It takes 66 days on average to reliably form a new habit like drinking a glass of water in the morning or eating a piece of fruit, according to a 2009 study by University College London researchers. Consistent daily repetition is the most important factor in making the habit part of a lasting routine.

It can be hard to stick to a resolution when the “initial excitement of a ‘new year, new me’ wears off,” Colin Camerer, a behavioural economist at the California Institute of Technology, told Scientific American. Creating a “specific plan” and “having some type of accountability” (like check-ins with a friend or family member) can help encourage people to continue.

Crucially, “people are more inclined to keep a resolution that they are interested in doing, rather than one that they simply believe they should do”. Instead of delaying gratification of a reward, it is much more effective to treat yourself during the task – for example, listening to a favourite podcast while at the gym.

Micro-resolutions “could be the key to making lasting change”, said Stylist. Swap scarily ambitious challenges for “smaller and more achievable” goals that are easier to integrate into your everyday life.

This allows you to “build momentum over time without feeling overwhelmed”, said life coach Karen Whybrow. Gradually, these incremental steps “accumulate into significant change, much like planting seeds that grow and thrive”. And if you miss a day? Be kind to yourself and don’t let it stop you. “Progress, not perfection, is the goal.”

Here are some micro-resolutions to try in 2026. The results might surprise you.

Cook something new

It’s easy to fall into a rigid routine of “go-to meals”, especially when we have busy lives, said Good Housekeeping. But this means “missing out” on a variety of delicious – and healthy – foods. Consider setting aside “one meal every week” to experiment with a new ingredient or dish. “You might be pleasantly surprised to find another dinner-time staple for your household.”

Get outside

The lack of sunshine at this time of year “can get really frustrating”, said London’s The Standard. So, when it is sunny, make sure you take a short walk outside – even if only for five minutes. “You’ll notice a difference right away.”

Take the stairs

Instead of aiming to run a marathon or beginning a strict new gym routine, “take 10 minutes to run up the stairs in your office or home” or some steps in a nearby park, said Good Housekeeping. Walking up and down stairs at a regular pace can make women feel more energised than ingesting 50 milligrams of caffeine, according to a study published in the journal Physiology & Behaviour.

Give a compliment

Whether to a stranger, friend or colleague, try offering compliments – “it might just make someone’s day”, said The Standard, and it will boost your mood, too. And if you work from home most of the time and hardly see anyone? Look in the mirror and give yourself a compliment.

Start a journal

Taking a few minutes each day to write a journal is a “powerful practice” that can improve your self-awareness and “bring clarity to your life”, said The Times of India. It’s a great way to reduce stress and regulate your emotions.

Read a book

Reading just a few pages of a book is a worthwhile addition to your day. As well as enhancing your memory and concentration, said The Times of India, numerous studies have shown that reading “beats stress, promotes relaxation and improves sleep”.

After decades of progress, more children under the age of 5 are at risk of death than in previous years. Many of these deaths are preventable, given proper funding and resources. But international cuts to health and development aid have endangered millions of lives.

A rising toll

Society made significant progress on child mortality throughout the 21st century. Between 2000 and 2020, the “number of children who die before they hit their 5th birthday dropped by half” from “nearly 10 million deaths a year to under 5 million deaths a year,” said NPR. However, by the end of 2025 approximately 4.8 million children are expected to die before they turn five, according to a report by the Gates Foundation.

This is an increase of about 200,000 from the 4.6 million deaths in 2024. “By far, the largest single cause of death is the cuts in international aid,” Mark Suzman, the CEO of the Gates Foundation, said to The Independent. “When you pull back at short notice, that has consequences, and sadly, those consequences are measured in human lives.”

Just between this year and last year, global health assistance dropped from $49 billion to about $36 billion, which is more than a 25% decline. The U.S. has led the charge on funding cuts, as it has historically been the largest contributor of global aid in the world. But the U.S. was not the only country to reduce aid. Other high-income countries, including the U.K., France and Germany, “have also been making significant cuts as priorities have shifted,” said NPR. “While some countries have stepped up,” it unfortunately “does not make up for the cuts.” If funding cuts continue, between 12 million and 16 million more children could die by 2045, per the report.

Less money, more problems

Many of these deaths are the result of preventable or treatable conditions, including malaria, HIV/AIDS, pneumonia and diarrhea. In order to prevent further deaths, it is necessary to “double down on the most effective interventions,” including building “strong primary health systems and lifesaving vaccines,” Bill Gates, the chair of the Gates Foundation, said in the study. It is also important to “prioritize innovations that stretch each and every dollar,” as well as “continue to support the development of next-generation innovations.” This includes vaccines with fewer dosage requirements and better use of data for disease intervention.

The countries most reliant on foreign aid and development assistance are “grappling with increasingly fragile health care systems and mounting debt as they try to tackle the leading causes of child mortality,” said CNN. President Donald Trump’s cuts to USAID have directly contributed to the deaths, as the U.S.’s funding for global health “remains two-thirds below where it stood in 2024,” said The Independent. If the world returned global health funding to its 2024 levels, though, “health innovations in the pipeline — like new vaccines, malaria control interventions, new maternal and neonatal care strategies — would save 12 million additional children by 2045,” said NPR.

“Over the last 25 years we’ve made incredible progress in global health, specifically for children,” Margaret Miller, a senior program officer at the Gates Foundation, said to The Washington Post. “It’s really tragic that it’s now at risk.”

Teeth have become Britain’s “biggest class divide”, said The Independent. With patients regularly “denied NHS appointments even in emergencies”, dental care has become “about hierarchy, not health”.

The government is hoping to change that, with newly announced reforms to NHS England dentistry that, it claims, will be “the most significant modernisation of the NHS dental contract in years”.

The reforms “will prioritise patients with most urgent dental needs and those requiring complex treatments” by changing the way NHS dentists are paid. Under the current payment scheme, complex dental care is “typically under-remunerated or even delivered at a loss”, according to the British Dental Association.

What did commentators say?

The changes mean patients with complex dental problems will be able to “book a package of treatment”, rather than having to arrange multiple appointments, and this could save them up to £225, said Lizzy Buchan in The Mirror. This is a “victory” after a “decade of Tory austerity” that left “people desperately struggling to get care”.

If the changes mean “fewer people” are “left to suffer with complex problems”, that would be a “big gain”, said The Guardian’s editorial board. But “it should not be mistaken“ for “a solution” to all the issues with dental care in England.

Before 2006, people had “the right to register with a dentist”, like you would with a GP, and the dentist would then receive “a payment for each patient on their list”. Then the NHS dental contract was changed, and dentists were paid instead per “unit of dental activity”. It wasn’t long before problems with this system emerged, “in particular the lack of access to dentists for poor people in poor places”. Labour’s reforms are “a big tweak” but they are “still a tweak and not the overhaul” of the fee structure “that most experts agree is needed”.

The new plan is a “welcome shift in direction”, said England’s former chief dental officer Sara Hurley on NHS Voices. But “it is important to be clear” that “this is not a new model of care, and it brings no new investment”.

What next? 

The reforms will be introduced in April, and Health Minister Stephen Kinnock said they mark “the first step towards a new era for NHS dentistry after a decade of decline”. A new dental contract is promised by the end of this Parliament, although it’s not clear if that will include the restoration of the right to register.

Dentists “broadly welcome” these new reforms, said Neil Carmichael, chair of the Association of Dental Groups. But it is essential that “necessary steps” are taken to “shore up the NHS England dental workforce” which is “currently short by over 2,500 dentists”.

Multi-drug antibacterial resistance caused by the war in Ukraine is now “on the doorstep” of western Europe, according to an Australian clinician who has worked in the war-torn country.

Potentially lethal infections in Ukraine have increased 10-fold since the start of the war, Hailie Uren told Vaccines Work, and this “really frightening” level of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) there is on the march beyond its borders.

Invisible threat

Humans are “host” to over a thousand species of bacteria, including some superbugs that are “deemed critical threats”, said The New York Times. Normally, they don’t “become pathogenic in healthy people” but “war changes that”. War “deprives people of food, clean water and sanitary living conditions”, and “when bombs and bullets fly” wounds become “perforated with shrapnel, debris and soil teeming with microbes”. Even before the war, Ukraine had a high rate of antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis, which can spread even more easily in barracks, bomb shelters and refuge centres.

A “rising number of wounded soldiers” in Ukraine are being infected with microbes that are “extensively drug-resistant” or which “withstand most or all antibiotics thrown at them”, said Vaccines Work. Doctors and scientists in Ukraine are waging a “shadow war” against this rising tide of “pernicious infections”, which have also “begun circulating in the general population”, including children.

The Lviv region, on the “doorstep” of the European Union, has “some of the highest multi-drug resistance levels” in all of Ukraine.

In Estonia, drug-resistant pathogens are already being “brought in” by Ukrainian refugees, said ERR News.

Pernicious threat

A “growing body of research” suggests that the “21st-century way of warfare has become a major driver” of AMR, particularly in the Middle East, said The New York Times. In Syria, “protracted” fighting has “exacerbated existing drivers of antimicrobial resistance and introduced new ones”, representing a “rising threat” to the country’s health system, according to a study published in Nature.

Before the Second World War and the “advent of antibiotics, infections routinely killed more soldiers than combat itself”, said the Financial Times. Today, AMR has become a “different and arguably more pernicious kind of threat” and one that “could continue to claim lives long after conflict is over”.

Last year, England’s former chief medical officer warned that the rise of superbugs that are resistant to antibiotics poses a greater threat to humanity than climate change. A paper published in The Lancet last September estimated that AMR could contribute to the deaths of 8.22 million people per year by 2050 – more than the number currently killed by cancer.

Adults have often struggled to know how to treat teenagers, said The Mail on Sunday. But today the problem seems particularly acute.

An increasing number of adolescents and younger children are being told, while still at school, that they suffer from “conditions” that require therapy or pills. “With surprisingly little resistance or opposition, treatments such as the prescription of stimulant drugs for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have become normal and uncontroversial for children as young as five, and much more so in higher age brackets.”

It seems that everyday problems, such as anxiety, disappointment and exam stress are increasingly being medicalised. “Is this really justified? Is it at least far too widespread?”

‘A national sport’

The Health Secretary Wes Streeting certainly seems concerned: he has ordered an independent review into the reasons for a rising demand for mental health, ADHD and autism services in England, in particular among young people. So Streeting has jumped on the “overdiagnosis” bandwagon, said John Harris in The Guardian.

“Questioning other people’s needs” seems to have become almost “a national sport”: those with mental health or neuro-developmental conditions must be malingerers and spongers. But there are reasons why more people, and particularly the young, are being diagnosed with anxiety and depression. There are the “still-overlooked” effects of the pandemic; the fact that work is increasingly precarious and hard to come by for the young; help is very hard to find on the NHS.

As for diagnoses for autism and ADHD, which are entirely different conditions, they have also risen, but also for good reasons. The definition of autism was widened in the 1980s and 1990s: it is now universally accepted that it exists on a spectrum. ADHD, meanwhile, is something we are only starting to understand. The accusation of overdiagnosis offers a simple solution to rising cases: just tell people “to be more resilient, and wave them away”.

‘Devastating’ rise

Come on, said Hadley Freeman in The Sunday Times. About 15% of the working-age population now reports a long-term mental or behavioural condition. Between 2019 and 2024, the number of 16- to 34-year-olds off work with mental health conditions rose “by a nationally devastating, and socially tragic, 76%”.

Between 2019 and 2021, there was a 3,200% increase in the number of British women taking online ADHD tests. Obviously, some overdiagnosis is going on, with worrying results. Dismissing the idea out of hand makes no sense. It’s good that society “has become kinder to those with mental health conditions” – but it’s also clear that some “have forgotten” what these actually look like.