Independence – and how to achieve it – is focusing the minds of European leaders, as they contemplate an end to their nations' decades-long reliance on the US for security.
The once unshakeable belief that the US would honour its Nato commitments and come to the continent's collective defence caused Britain, and other European nations, to become "increasingly dependent on the US to organise, manage and execute" military operations, said The Times. The second Donald Trump presidency "leaves that expectation in tatters".
What did the commentators say? Weeks after taking power, Donald Trump and Vice-President J.D. Vance have "spirited away confidence in the US defence umbrella that has sheltered Western Europe since 1945", said James Fennell of the US think-tank Center for European Policy Analysis.
The UK's reliance on the US in both military and intelligence matters has exposed us to "vulnerabilities", said George Monbiot in The Guardian. The two countries work together on a "wide range of joint intelligence programmes" but, effectively, the much larger US National Security Agency uses Britain's GCHQ "as a subcontractor".
Likewise with the British Army, which will "dip below 70,000 this year" and "relies on the US for key enablers, such as communications, logistics, personnel, command, engineering and medical treatment", said The Times' Larisa Brown.
Europe as a whole "lacks military transport and logistics chains", said Lorne Cook at The Associated Press. And while "the continent's combined armies total around 2 million personnel", few "can be effectively deployed". Without US back-up, "Europe could need 300,000 troops" to deter Russia, according to estimates from the Brussels-based Bruegel think-tank. The recent proposal of a peacekeeping force in Ukraine involved fewer than 30,000 European troops on the ground, backed by air and sea power, but "finding even that many poses a challenge".
What next? European Commission President Ursula Von der Leyen has said she will present a "comprehensive plan" to urgently "re-arm Europe" at an emergency meeting of EU leaders on Thursday. Member states must be given "more fiscal space to do a surge in defence spending", she told reporters.
Europe "can build up most of the critical defence enablers needed to deter or defeat Russia without US support within five years", said Defense News, "provided the political will to invest is there".
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