Double agent credited with preventing a third world war
Oleg Gordievsky was a senior KGB agent who spent 10 years spying for MI6. His most "valuable achievement", said The Guardian, was reassuring a paranoid President Andropov that the Nato exercise Able Archer 83 was not a cover for a nuclear strike on the USSR. Via his handlers, Gordievsky also warned Margaret Thatcher (and by extension Ronald Reagan) that the Kremlin's anxiety about a pre-emptive strike was genuine: after Reagan doubled defence spending, Andropov had sent agents all over the world, to look out for signs of an imminent strike. (In London, Gordievsky recalled that they were told to check for the NHS stocking up on blood supplies.) By convincing the Kremlin that Able Archer really was just a war game, Gordievsky, who has died aged 86, was credited with averting a third world war.
Born in Moscow in 1938, he was the son of an officer in the NKVD, which became the KGB. His mother, a statistician, was far more sceptical. A talented student with a gift for languages, Gordievsky studied at the prestigious Moscow State Institute of International Relations, joined the foreign service, and was recruited to the KGB in 1962, running agents in east Berlin and Copenhagen. He found aspects of his role – the dead drops, disguises and so on – exciting, he said. But after the brutal crushing of the Prague Spring in 1968, he started to send signals that he might be willing to betray the Soviet regime. He began work for MI6 in 1974. Over the next few years, he identified various Russian spies in Britain and elsewhere – including the MI5 officer Michael Bettaney – and confirmed that John Cairncross had been the "fifth man" in the Cambridge spy ring. He also advised Thatcher that Mikhail Gorbachev was a genuine reformer.
In 1985, he was suddenly recalled from London – where he had become the KGB's bureau chief. It became apparent that his cover had been blown by a Russian mole in the CIA, Aldrich Ames, so Gordievsky triggered Operation Pimlico, an elaborate pre-arranged plan to "exfiltrate" him by smuggling him to Finland in the back of a car. The signal that he needed rescuing involved him standing on a specific street corner in Moscow while holding a Safeway bag; the acknowledgement was an MI6 agent walking past eating a Mars bar. In London, he continued to advise the government, and wrote books. But he had been sentenced to death in absentia; and following the Salisbury poisonings, he seldom left his safe house in Surrey. |