by Anthony J. Kaye and Gregory P. Downs
Nat Turner’s role in America’s struggle over slavery is such that “few names carry such a weight of both heroism and shuddering fear,” said David W. Blight in the Los Angeles Times. In 1831, inspired by religious visions, the 31-year-old laborer-preacher led a small band of other enslaved people to revolt and kill roughly 55 white men, women, and children in southern Virginia. Most of what we know today about Turner’s life and his role in the largest slave uprising in U.S. history comes from The Confessions of Nat Turner, a transcription of jailhouse interviews that became a best-seller after Turner’s execution. Gregory Downs, completing work begun by his late fellow historian Anthony Kaye, now offers a portrait placing Nat, as they call him, within the tradition of biblical prophets. It’s a framing long ignored by academia, but one that fits the highly religious era of the rebellion.
Though deeply researched and “richly informative,” the book doesn’t offer a comprehensive portrait, said Walton Muyumba in The Boston Globe. “This is a problem endemic to the subject,” since the authors are skeptical that even The Confessions of Nat Turner is an accurate representation of Nat’s voice. To put Nat’s actions in context, Kaye and Downs set him alongside biblical warrior-prophets such as John of Patmos and Joshua, and in league with contemporaneous Black Methodist leaders such as David Walker, whose writings “implored Black people to initiate a global war against slavery.” Raised a Methodist, Nat was intelligent, literate, and so devout and prone to visions that many around him believed him a prophet “intended for some greater purpose.” After slaveholder Samuel Turner died in 1822 without freeing Nat, the young man was shuffled between other Turner family homes. Meanwhile, his visions grew more intense, and, after believing he saw a sign in an 1831 solar eclipse, he plotted the revolt, motivated both by his prophetic imagination and “personal rage about his continued enslavement and the sale of his wife and son.”
Kaye and Downs succeed in lifting Nat Turner “out of received history, amplifying his individuality,” said Jim Kates in The Arts Fuse. But their book is “so focused on his immediate religious environment that it neglects the broad setting.” We’re told little of how the plantation system worked, or about the crackdown on Black literacy and worship that followed the revolt. Still, Nat Turner, Black Prophet is “a significant addition to our understanding of antebellum Black history,” even as it extends a tradition of its subject’s life being relayed “almost exclusively” by white writers. |