by Keith Houston
“Emoji blew up right around 2011,” said Laura Miller in Slate, and we’re lucky they did. So many more of our online text interactions would have led to misunderstandings and arguments without the hearts, smiley faces, and scores of other pictographs we can now call up instantly on our phones. Keith Houston’s “breezy, witty” new “natural history” of emoji doesn’t oversell their significance. He pushes back against the claim that emoji comprise a language all their own, preferring to call them “insurgents within language.” But “his assertion that these little images have become an inextricable part of our culture feels credible,” and he makes the most of the subject’s entertainment value. In fact, “one of the primary pleasures of Face With Tears of Joy is the opportunity it offers to revisit the online culture of the 2010s, when the internet still felt fun.”
The journey of emoji to ubiquity is “more complicated than you might think,” said Megan Garber in The Atlantic. Yes, emoji fever took hold in 2011, the year Apple added an emoji keyboard to its iPhones, and the set of emoji we’ve known since then can be traced back to images created by Japanese engineer Shigetaka Kurita in 1999. But Houston shows that Kurita has been wrongly credited as the inventor of emoji—a word derived from the Japanese for “picture” and “written character”— because even pagers and typewriters sold in Japan in the 1980s gave users access to pictorial characters. When the explosion arrived decades later, things moved fast. By 2015, the world’s most popular emoji, the titular “face with tears of joy,” was selected by the Oxford English Dictionary as the word of the year, and the Unicode Consortium, a nonprofit charged with maintaining a unified roster of emoji, was clearly scrambling to manage the task. Was adding a choice of skin tones to a thumbs-up emoji more or less racist than providing no choice? And why was there no emoji for a female police officer, or doctor, or lawyer?
“As Houston’s fascinatingly geeky history shows, emoji have always been political,” said Steven Poole in The Guardian. Fortunately, he also appreciates that people are too creative to get locked in by the intended meaning of any particular emoji. The human skull emoji is now Gen Z’s “face with tears of joy,” connoting dying of laughter. The upturned thumb is the same cohort’s “OK, Boomer.” And perhaps we shouldn’t be surprised. Houston, after reviewing the history of hieroglyphs and other pictographic characters, “makes the intriguing argument that the age of the mechanical typewriter represented an unusual historical interlude of expressive poverty. Once humans were freed from the unnatural restrictions it imposed, there was bound to be a new flourishing of symbolic play.” |