Oct. 16, 1962: President Kennedy was informed that the Soviet Union had placed nuclear missiles in Cuba — able to hit most of the U.S. It was the beginning of the Cuban Missile Crisis — a tense 13-day standoff — that nearly led to nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union. Historians estimate that had the Cuban Missile Crisis escalated into nuclear war, 100 million Americans and 100 millions Russians would have died. The standoff gave birth to the term Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) — in which both sides understood that they would each be destroyed in a nuclear conflict.
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