Back in April, an eccentric Australian billionaire revealed grandiose plans for a real-life Jurassic Park — replete with cloned dinosaurs — on a remote resort in southern Queensland. Unfortunately for him (and kids everywhere) that dream will probably never become a reality. A new study published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B finds that the DNA required to genetically engineer ancient creatures breaks down at a rate far too fast for dino-dreamin' scientists to effectively use. Here's what you should know:
What exactly did researchers do?
A team of paleo-geneticists from the University of Copenhagen and Murdoch University in Perth, Australia, examined 158 leg bones belonging to a species of long-extinct giant birds to determine exactly how much genetic information was still intact. All of the bones were collected from within 5 kilometers of each other, and ranged in age from 600 to 8,000 years old.
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How much readable DNA was left?
Sadly, not enough to clone anything. Each bone contained extremely faint traces of the flightless bird's DNA, but the team discovered that DNA has a half-life of just 521 years, and external conditions like temperature, bacteria, and oxygenation typically speed up the decay process. "That means that after 521 years, half the bonds between nucleotides in the backbone of a sample would have broken," says Matt Kaplan at Nature. After another 521 years, all of the bonds would be broken, meaning there isn't enough DNA to clone anything. "Your beautiful Jurassic Park dreams have just been crushed with Jurassic Park III levels of disappointment," says Brian Barret at Gizmodo.
What if the DNA is preserved in amber? Or frozen?
"Absolutely ideal conditions" might help DNA "hang around for several thousand years," says Ian Steadman at Wired. Unfortunately, the last dinosaur died 65 million years ago.
So there's no hope?
The possibility of recreating a dinosaur is looking increasingly grim. In 2009, a few researchers raised the possibility of reverse-engineering one from chicken genes to make the squawky birds more like their ancient ancestors — not exactly the same thing as cloning a giant, fearsome lizard. Perhaps the ultimate lesson of Jurassic Park was right, says Wired's Steadman. "Man and dinosaur were not meant to coexist."
Sources: Gizmodo, Nature, Popular Science (2), Wired
