Violence has reignited in fractured Syria, with clashes between forces allied with the new Islamist regime and fighters from one of the country's religious minorities.
Dozens of members of the Druze community have been killed in skirmishes with pro-government forces near Syria's southern border with Israel, according to UK-based war monitoring service the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. In response, Israel has carried out strikes across Syria, including near the presidential palace in Damascus earlier this month.
Who are the Druze? A religious and ethnic Arab minority, originally an offshoot of Islam. The "unique" group dates back to the 11th century and follows a belief system that incorporates elements of Islam, Hinduism and even classical Greek philosophy, said the Pew Research Center.
There are an estimated 700,000 Druze in Syria, making them the country's third-largest religious group. Israel and the Palestinian territories are home to a further 150,000 Druze, most of whom hold Israeli citizenship and are subject to its military draft, according to New Lines. Druze make up less than 2% of Israel's population but have "the highest rate of enlistment", with 80% signing up.
The situation is more "complicated" in the Golan Heights, a majority-Druze area annexed from Syria by Israel. There, most have repeatedly refused Israeli citizenship and "consider themselves Syrian".
Why are they being targeted now? When he appointed himself Syria's interim president, Ahmed al-Sharaa vowed that religious minorities would be protected. But Syria has been bristling with sectarian tension. The most recent clash with Druze fighters was "sparked by a voice recording attributed to a Druze man" who was "ostensibly cursing the Prophet Mohammed", said France 24. Druze leaders say the clip, which was widely shared online, was "fabricated".
Why is Israel getting involved? From a purely strategic viewpoint, maintaining the stability of the Druze is seen as "critical" for Israel's national security, said the Israeli non-profit Alma Research and Education Center. Weakened minority groups "often become clients of hostile jihadist forces". Israel's "hard-learned lesson" from the 7 October massacre is that "allowing a jihadist monster to grow unchecked at the border is unacceptable".
Israel's motivation is at least partially humanitarian, too. The Druze population in Israel is "deeply integrated into its national and defence fabric" and has "consistently demonstrated loyalty to the state". |