The thymus is a small organ behind the breastbone that helps to establish the body’s immune system early in life. Since it shrinks with age, it was once thought to become mostly inactive over time. But two different studies published in the journal Nature — one connecting the long-term health of adults with their thymic health and the other analyzing cancer therapy outcomes and thymic health — point to the thymus as playing an important role in wellness.
This organ has been “overlooked for decades,” said Hugo Aerts, a corresponding author on both studies, in a press release. And it may be a “missing piece in explaining why people age differently and why cancer treatments fail in some patients.”
T-cells and immunity The thymus’ main function is to “generate a diverse T-cell repertoire, which provides adaptive immunity throughout life,” said the Nature study on thymic long-term health consequences. While the “relevance and abundance of the T-cell repertoire at a young age are well documented,” the thymus likely “retains a continued role in T-cell production throughout adulthood.”
Higher thymic health scores are “associated with laboratory markers of continued T-cell production, greater T-cell diversity in blood and tumors, and stronger activity of immune pathways, supporting thymic health as a proxy for immune competence,” said the press release. “When thymic health and T-cell diversity decline, the immune system becomes less able to respond to new threats.”
Surprising health indicator People with better thymic health had “about a 50% lower risk of premature death, 63% lower risk of cardiovascular death, and 36% lower risk of developing lung cancer compared to those with low thymic health,” said the release. And researchers saw “similar patterns across many other causes of death.” A healthy thymus was also “associated with reduced risks of progression and all-cause mortality” in cancer patients, said the Nature study on thymic health and cancer.
Future solutions There’s now interest in finding ways to “slow down the thymus’ natural deterioration,” said The Washington Post. This could have “many applications in autoimmune diseases, improving people’s responses to vaccinations as they age, or improving how people respond to cancer immunotherapies.”
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