A "never-ending cycle of child harm" means youth imprisonment should be ended altogether in England, a coalition of charities have argued.
The Alliance for Youth Justice and the Howard League for Penal Reform were among the groups to publish a new review of evidence, which found that child imprisonment "is beyond reform". The Department for Education should take a greater role in handling young offenders, rather than the Ministry of Justice, they said.
When can children be imprisoned? The age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales is 10 years old, and as such those between 10 and 17 can be arrested and taken to youth court if they commit a crime.
Children sentenced to custody can be held in "three types of establishment", said the charity Justice, which contributed to the report, with the "vast majority of child prisoners" placed into young offender institutions. Local authority secure children's homes and secure training centres are less common.
What is life like inside a young offenders' prison? Child prisons across England and Wales are "significantly more violent" than their adult counterparts, said Charlie Taylor, the chief inspector of prisons, in The Guardian. Across these institutions, "levels of hostility and self-harm" are rising. Concern about overcrowding as well as practices such as "strip-searching, segregation and restraint" is also growing, said Justice. Issues have been noted at Feltham, Werrington and Wetherby young offender institutions, all of which were deemed to be "failing".
What else could be done? Further investment is needed in "community support and services that protect and nurture children", said Deborah Coles, executive director of human rights charity Inquest. For some, this means tackling the school-to-prison pipeline. Pupils excluded from school at the age of 12 are four times as likely to end up in prison as adults. This cycle of "detention, suspension, loss of hope, permanent exclusion, exploitation, criminalisation and jail" must be stopped, said Steve Chalke, founder of the Oasis Charitable Trust, in Schools Week.
The prime minister has affirmed his belief in the need for radical change in the prison system, stating that many young people could avoid custody altogether if they receive the correct support from an early age.
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