In 1989, American political scientist Francis Fukuyama wrote "perhaps the best-known statement on the then-apparent triumph of liberal democracy", said Ben Ansell on NPR. In his essay "The End of History?", published as the Berlin Wall fell, Fukuyama argued that the ideologies of the 20th century – fascism, nationalism, communism – had "lost the battle of ideas". Liberal democracy, both economic and political, had triumphed.
And yet now, the resignation of Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, once "hailed as the poster boy of global liberalism", reflects a "wider political trend that has upended the liberal consensus", said The Telegraph.
What did the commentators say? Thirty-five years on from "The End of History?", Donald Trump's victory in the US election "represents a decisive rejection by American voters of liberalism", said Fukuyama in the Financial Times. Trump "not only wants to roll back neoliberalism and woke liberalism, but is a major threat to classical liberalism itself".
Discontent over rising inflation and migration, and a "backlash" against government measures imposed during the Covid-19 pandemic, is causing a "growing global disenchantment" with liberalism, said The Telegraph. New Zealand's Jacinda Ardern "fell from grace" in 2023, Japan's long-ruling Liberal Democratic Party lost its majority in October's elections, and Olaf Scholz, Germany's moderate chancellor, is expected to suffer a "heavy defeat" in next month's general election.
Scholz and Trudeau are both "politically tethered to a liberal establishment in the West that is in pronounced retreat", said Ishaan Tharoor in The Washington Post. Its values, including an embrace of globalisation, multiculturalism and environmentalism, are increasingly "seen as the aloof dogma of an entrenched elite". It's unclear whether right-wing opponents have the right solutions, but voters across the West are "eager for change and more open to anti-system politics".
What next? In Canada, a spring election looks likely, with the leader of the Conservative Party, Pierre Poilievre, widely tipped to become the next prime minister.
Despite the falling number of left-leaning administrations, we can "chalk up" at least one victory for Fukuyama, whose argument was about the power of ideas, said Ansell at NPR.
The idea of elections, regardless of how free or seriously taken, has come to prevail almost everywhere in the world. And that means democracy, whether liberal or not, "will always be in with a fighting chance".
|