"If extraterrestrials do exist, scientists have found a promising location for where they could be hiding," said the Daily Mail.
A newly discovered exoplanet, called HD 20794 D, orbits a star similar to the Sun just 19.7 light-years away from Earth, and researchers believe it may be able to sustain liquid water, which is vital for life to exist.
What is an exoplanet? An exoplanet is a planet outside our solar system that usually orbits a star in our galaxy. More than 7,000 have been found in the Milky Way since the first confirmed discovery in the 1990s, and "billions more remain to be discovered", said Tech Explorist.
Most of the exoplanets that have been found lie within a small region of the galaxy – "'small' meaning within thousands of light-years of our solar system", said Nasa, which is as far as current telescopes are able to "see".
How was the new exoplanet found? Methods used to find exoplanets include "watching for wobble" – that is, the changes in the light emitted by a star when it makes a tiny movement, due to the gravitational tug of a passing planet.
In 2022, Dr Michael Cretignier, from the University of Oxford, spotted periodic changes in the light being emitted by HD 20794 D. The faintness of the signal made it difficult to confirm the presence of an exoplanet, and the team spent the next two years analysing "highly precise measurements". "For me, it was naturally a huge joy when we could confirm the planet's existence," said Cretignier. "It was also a relief."
This prolonged study of the exoplanet's movement also allowed scientists to determine its size as six times the mass of Earth: "the larger the wobble, the greater the mass", said Space.com.
Could life exist on HD 20794 D? HD 20794 D is located within the so-called "Goldilocks zone", where temperatures would support the presence of liquid water, a prerequisite for life.
But winters would be "long and hard" in this "bizarre" climate, said Space.com, with any life struggling to survive on a planet that spends so much time frozen. Even if there's no life on HD 20794 D, though, its strange orbit will provide an "invaluable test case" for future studies, said the University of Oxford.
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