The Oropouche virus, also known as sloth fever, was not seen outside the Amazon until recently. Prior to 2023, only a few hundred cases were recorded annually. But the virus has been spreading across the Western Hemisphere and infections are likely only going to increase.
Sloth fever is mostly spread by a small insect called the biting midge, which lives in rural areas all over the world. Midges can transmit the virus to several animals, including sloths and humans. The virus is vector-borne and does not spread directly from person to person. Instead, "when a midge bites an infected host, it can pass on the pathogen to a human during a subsequent bite", said Vox. Oropouche fever has "sprung up in the US, Canada and Europe in people returning from the afflicted region", added the news site.
Infection with the Oropouche virus can cause a fever, cough, chills and body aches. People generally survive it, and many cases are asymptomatic. But in severe cases it can be deadly. It also poses a particular risk during pregnancy as it may "trigger a fever that can cause miscarriage or babies to have birth defects known as microcephaly", similar to the Zika virus, said news site Salon.
There is currently no cure for the virus, so experts recommend taking precautions like wearing long clothing and using bug spray in order to avoid being bitten. |