Scientists may have developed a snake bite anti-venom that can be used for 17 different species of snakes, according to a study published in the journal Nature. The anti-venom specifically targets species of snakes in the Elapidae family. There are approximately 360 species of elapids worldwide and they are “among the deadliest snakes because their venoms contain potent neurotoxins that act rapidly to induce paralysis and respiratory failure”, Anne Ljungars, a biological engineer at the Technical University of Denmark and a study co-author, told Popular Science. The new anti-venom is effective against 17 of 18 elapids found in the African continent, including cobras, mambas and rinkhals.
More than 300,000 snake bites are reported each year in sub-Saharan Africa, along with 7,000 deaths from those bites. While anti-venoms have long existed, getting the correct one was dependent on the “victim knowing which species of snake had delivered the bite – something that is not always easy to notice in the chaos of the moment”, said The Economist. In addition, the technology used to make anti-venoms has not changed much since the 1800s.
While the new anti-venom worked in alpacas, llamas and mice during testing, it has yet to be trialled on humans and still requires improvement before it can be made widely available. Still, it appears to be safer than the current anti-venoms being used. It “almost always prevented tissue death at the injection site”, a problematic side-effect of many other products that often leads to limb amputations, according to The Economist. |