Businessman, philanthropist and revered spiritual leader
His Highness Prince Karim Aga Khan IV, who has died aged 88, was known in the UK for his enormous wealth, his "penchant for jets, yachts" and beautiful women, and his love of horse racing, said The Telegraph. Having inherited two of the world's largest racing stables, he established a hugely successful bloodstock business and owned or part-owned five Derby winners. The most famous was Shergar, the stallion kidnapped by an armed gang from a stud farm in Ireland, in 1983, and never seen again. But to the world's 12 to 15 million-strong diaspora of Ismaili Muslims – a mystical branch of Shia Islam – the Aga Khan was not a jet-set playboy. On the contrary: they revered him as their spiritual leader, a direct descendant of Mohammed via the Prophet's daughter and her husband Hazrat Ali, the first Imam, and a "benefactor of immense generosity". The philanthropic efforts of the Aga Khan (a title bestowed by the Shah of Persia in the 1830s, before the dynasty relocated to the Indian subcontinent) included building a network of schools and hospitals across Africa and Asia, for Ismailis and others.
Born in Geneva in 1936, Prince Karim was the son of the playboy Aly Khan and Joan Yarde-Buller. His parents divorced in 1949, and both remarried (his mother to the newspaper owner Viscount Camrose, his father to the actress Rita Hayworth). Educated at the exclusive Le Rosey school in Switzerland, Prince Karim spent his holidays trailing between his parents' homes, then went to Harvard. He was a 20-year-old student when, in 1957, his grandfather, the third Aga Khan, died, at which point he learnt that he (and not his father) had been chosen to be the fourth Aga Khan and 49th Imam of the Ismailis. In his will, his grandfather explained that his people needed a young leader, an "Imam for the Atomic Age". Two weeks later, he was granted the style "His Highness" by Queen Elizabeth II, who became a friend, owing to their shared interest in all things equine.
Having spent 18 months touring Ismaili communities around the world, the Aga Khan finished his studies, then embarked on a life that combined business with charitable and spiritual work, said The Times. He built up the Aga Khan Development Network, "one of the largest private development networks in the world", the aims of which range from working to eliminate poverty and advancing the status of women to honouring Islamic art; the Aga Khan Foundation, which focuses on healthcare and education in the world's poorest communities; the Aga Khan Trust for Culture; and the Institute of Ismaili Studies in London (he held British citizenship). Between them, they have about 100,000 staff in more than 30 countries.
In 1960, Prince Aly Khan was killed in a car crash, and his racing studs passed to his heirs. The Aga Khan didn't know much about thoroughbred breeding then, but he decided to take on the business – and became engrossed by it. "It's so exciting, a constant challenge," he said. "Every time you sit down and breed you are playing a game of chess with nature." He also loved to ski, owned a £100 million superyacht and an island in the Bahamas. His personal wealth was estimated at up to $13 billion; he also managed (and supplemented) funds accrued from tithes paid by Ismailis (10% to 12.5% of their income), which were used for their benefit. His many and varied business interests included the transformation of an undeveloped stretch of Sardinia's northeast coast into the Emerald Coast, a destination for the global rich. He married and divorced twice and is survived by his four children. The fifth Aga Khan is Rahim Al-Hussaini, the eldest of his three sons.