Couturier who dressed Jackie Kennedy and Elizabeth Taylor
Valentino Garavani was the last of the great 20th-century couturiers, said The New York Times. He founded his company in Rome just before the era of La Dolce Vita, and went on not only to dress princesses and movie stars – but to become their equal, “with his own palaces, movable court and signature shade of red”. Perma-tanned, “his hair blow-dried to immobile perfection”, and always known by his first name (or as Mr Valentino), he created a vision of high Italian glamour that he sold around the world. In the process, he paved the way for other Italian brands including Versace and Armani, and established himself as a national icon. “In Italy, there is the Pope – and there is Valentino,” Walter Veltroni, the then-mayor of Rome, told The New Yorker in 2005.
He was born in Lombardy in 1932, the son of a well-off electrical wholesaler, and started to develop specific tastes early on, said The Telegraph. Aged six, he cried when his mother made him wear a “coarse” bow tie that ruined the effect of his navy suit; and in his teens, he asked to have his jumpers made to order, so that he could specify their pattern and colour. He decided to become a designer after seeing the “Ziegfeld Follies” (1945) and being entranced by the film’s extravagant costumes. His parents supported his ambition, and when he was 17 they arranged for him to study fashion in Milan, and later at the Chambre Syndicale de la Couture, in Paris. After several years of working for other couturiers, he opened his own studio in a fashionable neighbourhood of Rome in 1960.
That year, he met Giancarlo Giammetti, an architecture student, at a café, who became his friend, lover (for a time) and business partner. “There are only three things I can do,” Valentino once said. “Make a dress, decorate a house, and entertain people.” Giammetti took care of everything else. In 1962, Valentino’s collection made a splash in Florence. Two years later, Jacqueline Kennedy bought six dresses from him, which she wore in mourning for her assassinated husband. This won him global recognition and a slew of other glamorous clients, from Elizabeth Taylor and Audrey Hepburn to Queen Noor of Jordan. His all-white collection in 1968 found favour with the influential Vogue editor Diana Vreeland, and in the 1970s he launched his first eponymous perfume. Countless lucrative licensing deals followed. With money pouring in, he was able to remain based in Rome (rather than moving to the fashion capitals of Paris or Milan) – and to live in splendour. His homes, which he filled with priceless art and shared with his pet pugs and an entourage of friends, included a penthouse off Fifth Avenue, a villa on Rome’s Appian Way, a mansion in London’s Holland Park, a château in France, a hilltop estate in Tuscany, and a chalet in Gstaad.
Valentino did not seek to reinvent himself, said The Times. His style evolved but his designs remained grounded in the “timeless elegance” of old Hollywood and “a specifically Italian ideal of womanhood”. Julia Roberts, Jennifer Lopez and Anne Hathaway were among his more recent celebrity clients. “Fashion is not so complex,” he said. “It is about making a woman beautiful. That and nothing else.” He and Giammetti finally sold the business in 1998, for $300 million (£217 million). His many awards included France’s Légion d’honneur. In 2008, he was the subject of a feature documentary entitled “The Last Emperor”. Following his death last week aged 93, 10,000 people queued to pay their respects while he lay in state in Rome. All the fashion world, from Donatella Versace and Tom Ford to Anna Wintour, then turned out for his funeral, where Giammetti delivered the eulogy. He is survived by Bruce Hoeksema, his partner of more than 40 years.