The AP Twitter hack: Wall Street's tweet-scraping technology that sparked a 145-point nosedive

Shortly after the clock struck noon on the East Coast Tuesday, a jaw-dropping tweet was posted to The Associated Press' Twitter account: "Breaking: Two Explosions in the White House and Barack Obama is injured." The news ricocheted through Twitter like a pinball before it was soon discovered that the AP's account had been compromised by hackers. A collective of pro-Assad digital instigators known as the Syrian Electronic Army soon claimed responsibility.

Within seconds of the fracas, the Dow Jones Industrial Average plummeted 145 points (see the graphic below) before picking itself back up a few minutes later. The Wall Street Journal took a close look at how the nosedive was instigated by technology — sophisticated computer-trading software that monitors news headlines, corporate announcements, and yes, even social media to make buy or sell decisions in fractions of a second. Welcome to the world of algorithm-based decision-making.

The Journal's Geoffrey Rogow and Telis Demos report:

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Tuesday's fire sale was triggered by a few charged keywords, namely terms like "explosion" and "White House." Once that information was sifted into crunchable data, it was beamed out to clients — including hedge funds and government agencies — from a Manhattan-based startup called Dataminr, which bills itself as an "analytics engine" that "transforms social media streams into actionable signals."

Once Dataminr's distress signals were received, the firms' proprietary software exploded into action, ready to sell. The whole process occurred in the blink of an eye.

Dow Jones — which publishes The Journal — claims these "elementized" news feeds "cut execution times and perform deeper analysis" than traditional methods. In addition to scanning hundreds of millions of tweets and headlines, they take into account several additional factors, including the reputation of a news source (in this case a tweet from the AP's confirmed account) and a tweet's geo-location. Media firms, including Dow Jones, Bloomberg, and Reuters, have been using elementized news feeds in some capacity since 2006.

And while it may feel gratifying to point fingers at the machines' mathematical inability to preemptively sniff out a hoax, The Journal notes that Dataminr's computers were quick to right a wrong. A second alert warning clients that the initial news may not have been accurate was sent out almost immediately, even before the AP had a chance to announce it had been hacked. Five minutes after the fake White House explosion sent the market into free fall, "shares rebounded across the board, and the blue-chip index ended the day with gains greater than before the incident."