Monster Energy vs San Francisco: Are super-caffeinated drinks doomed?

San Francisco city attorney Dennis Herrera is suing Monster Beverage for allegedly marketing dangerous, densely caffeinated drinks to kids and teens. That move comes just one week after Monster sued Herrera for demanding the company reduce its energy drinks' caffeine content and stop marketing to children. Herrera says excessive consumption of these caffeine-heavy drinks can lead to cardiac arrest, elevated blood pressure, and seizures. And they're targeted at the young, he says.

Monster, of course, is fighting back. The company says Herrera is "motivated by publicity rather than science," calls his claims "demonstrably false," and promises "to vigorously defend against this action."

The energy drink industry has enjoyed almost a decade of hyperactive growth. Sales ballooned 240 percent between 2004 and 2009, and have risen steadily since, with total sales of energy drinks and shots reaching over $12.5 billion in 2012. Market researcher Packaged Facts predicts the industry could be worth $21.5 billion by 2017.

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Within this thriving industry, Monster is the biggest fish, with a market capitalization of nearly $10 billion. And Monster's share price jumped an impressive 12.5 percent in April.

Could this marketing-to-youngsters controversy put the brakes on Monster's surging growth? The allegations are certainly stacking up. The family of a 14 year-old Maryland girl is suing Monster, claiming their daughter died of cardiac arrhythmia after drinking a 24-ounce can of Monster that contained some 240 milligrams of caffeine — far more than the recommended maximum for teens. And as the New York Times reported in October, five similar accusations have arisen in the last three years.

In the Maryland case, Monster says that because no blood work was performed, the family has no way of proving their daughter died of caffeine toxicity, says the Washington Post. And the company stands by its current warning labels, which recommend a limit of one drink every four hours, and no more than three per day. Monster also insists that its drinks are not recommend for children (anyone under 12), pregnant women, or people who are "sensitive to caffeine."

But even if Monster manages to swat down Herrera's accusations, it looks like other energy drink foes will be waiting in the wings. Last summer, New York subpoenaed energy drink makers, including Monster, over their marketing techniques. And the FDA recently announced plans to investigate the effects caffeinated food products have on children and adolescents. From an FDA statement: