The tiniest capitalists: How microbes replicate the market

Microscopic critters engage in commerce much like we do

Microbe
(Image credit: (AP Photo/CSRIO, Frank Reith))

Monkeys groom each other in exchange for food and sex. "Cleaner fish" pick parasites off their clients and get a meal for their grooming services. Without cash or credit cards, these animals and many more take part in what scientists call "biological markets," exchanging goods and services with other fuzzy, scaled, or feathered traders.

While they're harder to see, microbes also cooperate and trade with one another and other organisms. "Every species on Earth is involved directly or indirectly in one or more microbial partnerships," writes evolutionary biologist Toby Kiers. "Some are involved in hundreds." Kiers and an international team of researchers wondered if these relationships and behaviors could be framed in economic terms, too.

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