Coming to America: How torture ended up being used in a Chicago black site

When you don't enforce the law, future lawbreaking is inevitable

American flag
(Image credit: (AP Photo/Brennan Linsley))

In 1929, President Herbert Hoover named a commission to study crime, headed by George Wickersham. The ensuing report mainly focused its attention on alcohol prohibition, which was fueling a massive growth in organized crime. But the commission also found much wanting in American police departments. One section of the report, on police malpractice, became a landmark in the history of American policing.

In those days, torture was common in American police departments, commonly referred to as giving suspects the "third degree." The Wickersham report detailed how brutal interrogations were not just a violation of constitutional rights, but part of general incompetence that let many criminals escape punishment.

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Ryan Cooper

Ryan Cooper is a national correspondent at TheWeek.com. His work has appeared in the Washington Monthly, The New Republic, and the Washington Post.