Amazon Web Services says it has “returned to normal operations” following a global outage that exposed the fragility of the foundations on which the digital world is built. Millions of websites and platforms that rely on AWS cloud servers, included Slack, Snapchat, Signal and Perplexity, were disrupted by this week’s massive crash.
What exactly is AWS? Generating £80 billion last year, the cloud-computing platform now accounts for the majority of Amazon’s profits and provides the infrastructure underpinning much of the internet. As one of the world’s biggest web-hosting providers, AWS offers storage space and database management, and connects traffic to more than 76 million websites.
It has “positioned itself as the backbone of the internet”, said BBC technology editor Zoe Kleinman. And “that’s how it sells its services: let us look after your business’s computing needs for you”.
What went wrong this week? AWS experienced a major outage on Monday morning that engineers quickly identified as a Domain Name System error. These type of systems effectively serve as maps or phonebooks that link web URLs to server IP addresses so traffic is directed to the correct website. “To keep with the phonebook analogy”, said Wired, when DNS resolution issues occur servers provide the “wrong numbers for a given name, or vice versa”.
Banking services, social networks messaging apps, government services, airline booking sites and online shopping were all affected. Amazon.com was also down for a while, and the company’s Alexa smart speakers and Ring doorbells stopped working.
Surely this shouldn’t happen? The outage has shown how integral AWS, and the other major cloud-computing services run by Google and Microsoft, have become. “When AWS sneezes, half the internet catches the flu”, Monica Eaton, of US payment services company Chargebacks911, told The National.
When so much of the world’s digital infrastructure runs on a handful of American cloud providers, “resilience becomes as much a geopolitical issue as a technical one”, said Tech.eu, which noted that even the UK’s tax authority HMRC was affected by the AWS outage.
This has “underscored just how dependent governments, businesses and users have become on the ‘big three’ cloud giants”, and highlighted the “urgent need for multi-region, multi-provider strategies to mitigate systemic risk”.
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