GPS jamming across the Middle East has exploded since the US and Israel began their war against Iran in February, “plunging both sides into an ‘electronic warfare arms race’”, said The Independent. “Underlying the dramatic clashes across the region”, forces on all sides are “quietly fighting an invisible war by land, air and sea, distorting tracking information to sow chaos or hide in plain sight”.
‘Major issue’ Jamming is essentially disrupting signals from global navigation satellite systems with electromagnetic noise. “Spoofing” is more sophisticated and involves transmitting fake signals to provide a false location. Both are used to distort drone and missile guidance systems. Interference “isn’t a new phenomenon”, said CNN. It has been used in modern warfare since the Second World War. But it has become “a major issue” for shipping and aircraft since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022.
While all sides engage in such disruption, Iran is particularly “prolific” in spoofing, said Philip Ingram, an intelligence expert and former British Army colonel. Tehran uses it to “add confusion and disrupt any of the allied intelligence gathering”.
Strait has ‘gone dark’ The problem with GPS jamming is that it cannot be contained within precise geographic boundaries and does not discriminate between military and commercial systems. On the first day of the war alone, electronic interference disrupted the navigation systems of more than 1,100 commercial ships in UAE, Qatari, Omani and Iranian waters, according to a Windward report cited by Inside GNSS.
“The missiles and drones make for good headlines, but they’re a distraction,” said global financier Erik Bethel and maritime trade expert Ami Daniel in Fortune. The “real story” is that the Strait of Hormuz, through which a fifth of the world’s oil and gas passes, has “gone dark”. This is “not in some poetic sense, but literally”.
Various technologies offer protection against GPS jamming, and military-grade GPS is more resistant, but the race is on to find a more secure alternative. Global navigation satellite systems are “a wonder of the modern world”, but “the luxurious era of those signals not being messed about with intentionally is over”, said Ramsey Faragher, chief executive of the Royal Institute of Navigation in London. “We need to rapidly catch up.”
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