The next major battle between Israel and Palestine might be fought not on the ground but below it. Israel is attempting to seize the land around archaeological sites throughout the West Bank, in what Palestinian authorities have condemned as illegal steps toward de facto annexation. Israel’s parliament has proposed a bill to create a new Israeli body in the West Bank that would “have the power to conduct excavations, declare sites, expropriate lands and more”, said Haaretz.
What sites are affected? Israel is “undertaking a major drive to develop and expand archaeological sites in the occupied West Bank”, said The Forward. The two most prominent are Sebastia, a small town near the West Bank city of Nablus, and Jericho, another West Bank city that is home to the ancient Hasmonean Palaces.
Sebastia is “one of the most layered archaeological sites in the Middle East”, said CNN. Its history “goes back at least 3,000 years” to when it was the capital of the ancient Kingdom of Israel. Sebastia’s archaeological mound “lies in Area C of the West Bank, under full Israeli civil and security control according to the Oslo Accords”, while the adjacent town is in “Area B, under mixed Palestinian-Israeli jurisdiction”.
What is Israel’s motivation? Israeli authorities believe it is “incumbent upon Jewish citizens to connect to their history and heritage”, said The Forward, and to protect it. Officials claim the Hasmonean Palaces site is under “deliberate and systematic destruction by the Palestinian Authority” as part of a broader “bid to erase evidence of Jewish ties to the land”.
How has Palestine responded? Palestinian and Israeli rights groups say the development of West Bank archaeological sites is “tantamount to annexation of occupied land and would expand Jewish settlements”, said Reuters. At the urging of Palestinian officials, Unesco recently designated Sebastia a full World Heritage site, in a bid to “prevent Israel extending its control at the ancient village”.
The Israeli government, however, remains steadfast. “The area is Israeli territory,” Heritage Minister Amichai Eliyahu told CNN. “It belongs to the Jewish people.”
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