For years, Beijing has sought to use "every means and medium of intelligence-gathering at its disposal" against the West, said Foreign Policy. Its strategy can be "summarized in three words: collect, collect, collect."
China gathers vast amounts of data from "government websites, parliamentarians, universities, think tanks and human rights organizations" while also targeting "diaspora groups and individuals," said The Spectator. Led by the nominally civilian Ministry of State Security, which is responsible for domestic security, counter-espionage and collecting foreign intelligence, China has "deepened its cyber capabilities while building on old-fashioned human intelligence operations" over the past 20 years.
How widespread is the network? China's intelligence agencies "appear to have fewer constraints" than they once did about "recruiting foreigners and using techniques such as honey-traps," said The Spectator. Even foreign students in China are being approached "in the hope that they can, in time, be maneuvered into positions of influence within their home countries."
This could just be par for the course for any major power with global ambitions — the U.S., the U.K. and others have been doing this for decades. But China's intelligence services operate in a "fundamentally different way from those in the West — in nature, scope and scale," said Foreign Policy.
What's the end game? Some of the work of the Ministry of State Security focuses on monitoring and suppressing anti-regime activity and actors. But it's increasingly focused on extracting information from foreign governments, individuals and businesses. The Chinese Communist Party's "tentacles are everywhere," said The Telegraph, "seeking to siphon up cutting-edge technology and interfering in the democratic political processes of dozens of countries." |