The "source of misery" for the people of the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo "lies in the vast natural treasures beneath their feet," said The Times of London. The region boasts a "dizzying array" of riches, including gold and diamonds, but the "most coveted are the lesser known" coltan, cobalt and other minerals "crucial in the production of laptops and smartphones."
It's "no coincidence" that violence has increased alongside consumer demand for tech, said The Times. But while the slogan "blood diamonds" helped to ease conflicts elsewhere in Africa, a "similarly murderous hunt for smart-tech minerals" has only intensified in DR Congo, displacing 7 million people and "condemning a region to perpetual chaos."
DR Congo is the world's largest producer of coltan, from which tantalum — indispensable for manufacturing phones and laptops — is extracted, said Ecofin Agency. Nearly 70% of the world's tantalum comes from Congo and neighboring Rwanda, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. Tin and tungsten are also abundant in the volatile eastern borderlands. Tin is used for soldering metal components, and tungsten helps make phones vibrate, said CNBC.
Amid growing global scrutiny, African countries, intergovernmental organizations and tech companies have "ramped up their efforts to clean up mineral supply chains," said CNBC. Apple, Microsoft and Tesla publish reports every year, usually saying there's "no reason to believe the minerals they source help to support armed groups."
But it's impossible for consumers to be sure that their electronics are fully conflict- and cruelty-free, said CNBC. Endemic corruption and instability in the region mean "there are no guarantees." |