Centuries after Poland was considered one of the world's great powers, its "winged hussars are back," said The Economist. Last year's Armed Forces Day was celebrated with a display that showed its military is "better trained and equipped than at any other time in the country's history," said The Parliament magazine.
Poland has become one of the key military players in NATO, allocating 4.12% of its GDP to defense in 2024 — twice the organization's target and more than the U.S. It aims to boost that to 4.7% this year. And it has grown its armed forces from the ninth-biggest in NATO in 2014 to third today, doubling the number of personnel and tripling its spending in real terms to $35 billion. Among European allies, only the U.K., France and Germany spend more.
How is Poland growing its military strength? Since the introduction of the Homeland Defence Act in 2022, Warsaw has bought "hundreds" of tanks, howitzers and rocket systems, said The Economist. "Pride of place" was an estimated $60 billion worth of equipment from the U.S.
Military personnel numbers have also grown since Russia annexed Crimea in 2014. From about 99,000 a decade ago, they hit 116,200 in 2020 before jumping to an estimated 216,000 today. The only countries ahead of them in numbers are the U.S. and Turkey, said the independent Notes from Poland.
What's driving Poland's military growth? There's one clear reason, said The Parliament: Russia's "unprovoked invasion of neighboring Ukraine in February 2022." Poland shares a border with Belarus, a close Russian ally, and the Russian enclave of Kaliningrad, leaving it potentially vulnerable. A month after Moscow launched its attack, the Polish government passed the Homeland Defence Act expanding its armed forces.
Warsaw's relationship with the U.S. has also played a key part, said Politico. Polish politicians hope their military spending spree will make an impression on President Donald Trump, who has frequently called for greater defense spending from NATO. "It's kind of an insurance policy," said Defense Minister Wladyslaw Kosiniak-Kamysz. |