The parasitic kissing bug disease is not new, but it has become increasingly common to the point of becoming endemic in the U.S. Because of this, the insect-borne illness has become a point of interest for researchers. The disease can go unnoticed, but in severe cases, it can lead to lifelong chronic health issues.
What is it? Also called Chagas disease, kissing bug disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. It’s spread by triatomine bugs, also called kissing bugs because they are “bloodsucking insects that tend to bite people’s faces,” said The New York Times. The parasite is “mainly found in rural areas of Mexico and Central and South America,” said the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
These insects can infect people and other animals, and the disease goes largely unnoticed in most people. “Only about 1% of people“ infected with Chagas disease in the U.S. have been diagnosed,” said the Times.
The disease may also manifest as an acute or long-lasting infection. The acute phase can cause swelling at the infection site, as well as fever, fatigue, body rash, eyelid swelling and body aches. A chronic phase can appear 10 to 20 years after infection in about 20% to 30% of cases. This can lead to perpetual heart issues, such as an “enlarged heart, heart failure, altered heart rate or rhythm, or sudden death,” as well as digestive problems, said the Mayo Clinic.
How common is it? Approximately 8 million people worldwide, including an estimated 280,000 in the U.S., have Chagas, according to the CDC. “Several triatomine species are common in the southern United States, where they transmit T. cruzi and invade human dwellings,” said a report in Emerging Infectious Diseases.
Chagas is already considered endemic in 21 countries in the Americas. Despite this, many physicians think it’s either something “transmitted by ticks” or something that “doesn’t exist in the U.S.,” said Bernardo Moreno Peniche, one of the report’s authors, to The Guardian.
Experts recommend sealing windows to prevent insects from entering, as well as clearing wood piles, where they can congregate. The good news is that the chances of contracting the disease in the U.S. are still rare. |