Rotavirus, a potentially deadly gastrointestinal pathogen, is being transmitted at an alarming rate across the country, and young children are the most at risk of severe infection. Experts believe that reduced vaccination rates are behind the trend.
How bad is rotavirus? Every year, the virus is “responsible for 20 to 60 deaths in the U.S., more than 200,000 emergency room visits and between 55,000 and 70,000 hospitalizations among children under 5,” said Newsweek. And infection rates are higher now than they were at the same time last year, according to CDC data. The percentage of positive rotavirus tests across the country has been steadily increasing since January.
Rotavirus can cause gastroenteritis with “fever above 101 degrees Fahrenheit and vomiting for one to two days, followed by frequent diarrhea,” said Discover Magazine. The pathogen “spreads particularly quickly among babies and young children via the fecal-oral route through contaminated hands and surfaces.” It can lead to severe dehydration, which may require hospitalization. And in the worst cases, it’s deadly, especially among younger children.
There’s no specific treatment once someone develops gastroenteritis from rotavirus. Doctors “only provide supportive therapy,” including “hydration” in the case of dehydration and “small and frequent feeding, as well as fever control with medications like Tylenol,” said Forbes. Usually, the symptoms resolve themselves in about a week.
Why is it spreading? Rotavirus is seasonal and “follows a fairly regular annual pattern, much like influenza,” said Ben Lopman, a professor of epidemiology at Emory University, to Newsweek. It tends to peak in late winter and early spring and decline in the summer.
While there’s no treatment for rotavirus, the disease can be prevented. There are two different oral vaccinations available. Given during infancy, “7 out of 10 children who get the vaccine will be protected from getting infected, and 9 out of 10 will be protected against severe disease,” said Forbes.
Doctors have “fresh concerns that declining vaccinations could lead to more severe illness and a higher surge in the coming years,” said NBC News. Most of those infected and hospitalized are “either too young to get the vaccine, haven’t received all the doses yet or are unvaccinated.”
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