Ghost forests are the “watery remains of a once verdant woodland,” and they’re spreading nationwide, said the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. When seawater “advances and overtakes the fresh water that deciduous trees rely upon,” it “poisons living trees, leaving a haunted forest of dead and dying timber.”
Between 1985 and 2021, 58,998 acres of North Carolina forest were “converted to marsh, ghost forest and shrub,” said a study published in the journal PLOS One. Conversion into ghost forests has “sped up even more than overall forest loss,” growing by 18,683 acres between 2010 and 2021 — “2.5 times faster than between 1985 and 2010,” North Carolina State University said in a release about the study.
The problem is not just limited to North Carolina. Between 2012 and 2023, scientists tracked more than 260 million dead trees across the U.S. Great Lakes and coastlines, according to a preprint study in bioRxiv. The tree die-off was concentrated in “high-elevation inland wetlands and low-lying forests prone to inundation.”
The biggest contributor to ghost forest expansion is the rise in sea levels due to climate change. Global mean sea levels are “rising at about 4.1 millimeters per year, and saltwater intrusion is expected to affect nearly 77% of the world’s coastlines by 2100,” said New Scientist. The encroaching saltwater puts more coastal forests at risk, and there are likely to be long-term climate implications, as “tree mortality and decomposition releases carbon into the atmosphere,” said Michelle Sims, of the World Resources Institute.
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