“A little blue pill is creating a stir in Hollywood,” said pharmaceuticals expert Dipa Kamdar on The Conversation. “And no, it’s not Viagra.” Celebrities have been singing the praises of propranolol, a beta-blocker originally designed for heart conditions that also helps with anxiety. Kristen Bell, Rachel Sennott and Natasha Rothwell have all mentioned taking the pill at red-carpet events over the past year.
These A-lister endorsements have helped to fuel a surge in demand for propranolol prescriptions, especially among young women and girls. It’s now the “go-to pill for dealing with all sorts of stressful situations, from public speaking to first dates”, said The Wall Street Journal.
How does it work? The beta-blocker was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1967 for the treatment of heart problems including high blood pressure, arrhythmia (irregular heart rate) and angina. But the drug was also found to reduce physical responses to anxiety, such as high heart rate, sweating, nausea and trembling hands. And while other medications prescribed for anxiety can take weeks to work, propranolol can take effect within an hour.
Unlike drugs such as Xanax or Valium, which “act directly on the brain and can leave people feeling sedated, foggy, or zoned out”, propranolol doesn’t address anxiety’s “underlying roots”, said The Boston Globe. Instead, it blocks the physical symptoms, by slowing down the heart rate and lowering blood pressure.
How widely is it used? In the US, propranolol prescriptions are up by 28% from 2020. NHS England figures show an increase of 37.6% over the past decade, according to data seen by The Observer. The biggest rise in the UK has been among girls aged between 12 and 17 – up from 618,813 prescriptions in 2015 to more than 1.1 million in 2025. The second-highest increase in use, at 81.7%, is among women aged 18 to 23.
Are there any risks? Compared to Xanax or Valium, propranolol is a non-addictive and low-risk medication. However, “it’s not without risks or side-effects”, said Kamdar on The Conversation. Because propranolol works to reduce blood pressure and heart rate, common side-effects include dizziness, fatigue, cold hands and feet, and vivid dreams. “More serious risks – though rare – include heart failure, breathing difficulties and allergic reactions.”
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