You might not notice the bite from a tiny tick but it has the potential to “dramatically harm your health”, said Amanda Roome, co-director of the University of New York’s Tick-Borne Disease Center, on The Conversation. Tick bites can carry viruses that “really pack a punch” – and, in the UK, the number of ticks is on the rise.
What are ticks? They are small arachnids that feed on the blood of animals, including humans, and tend to live in woodland or scrubland. When they bite, they inject an anaesthetic that prevents you from feeling pain or itchiness.
Many ticks don’t carry disease-causing pathogens, and not all bites from an infected tick cause infection. But the illnesses some can transmit can be nasty. The most common is Lyme disease, carried by the castor-bean tick, which can do long-term damage to joints, heart and the nervous system. Cases of Lyme disease are spiralling in the US but, in the UK, it’s still pretty rare – although 1,168 cases were recorded last year, a 20% increase from the previous year. Cases could well in increase as the number of ticks in the UK grows. Some ticks can also carry a type of encephalitis, but very few cases have been diagnosed in Britain: the UK Health Security Agency classes the risk as “very low”.
Why are there more ticks? “Tick populations are expanding geographically because we’re changing the climate,” Vett Lloyd, a tick expert at Mount Allison University in New Brunswick, told The Guardian. Our milder winters and warmer summers are boosting ticks’ survival rates. Reforestation and the expansion of green spaces closer to residential areas also play a role.
What can we do? Wear socks, enclosed shoes, long trousers and a long-sleeved shirt when walking off paths in long grass. Afterwards, check your skin thoroughly – ticks tend to lurk in armpits, groin, behind the knees, around the waistband, the wrists, the back of the neck and the hairline.
If you do get bitten, “try to get the whole tick out” using fine-tip tweezers, Charlotte Mao, a US doctor who works with the Bay Area Lyme Foundation, told The Guardian. Seek advice from your GP if you notice a spreading “bullseye” rash at the site of the bite (a common sign of Lyme disease infection), facial drooping, numbness, or tingling in the hands or feet.
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