Beijing sinking by four inches a year

Beijing is sinking due to the excessive pumping of groundwater, scientists have warned.

The city sits on extensive natural reservoirs of water that are drying out through human use, causing areas to subside.

The team behind the research, which used satellite imagery for its findings, say the city's central Chaoyang business district is among the worst-affected areas, subsiding at four inches a year.

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Because different areas are sinking at different rates, the subsidence is a major threat to the city's infrastructure and poses a particular risk to its high-speed rail network.

Some 20 million people live in Beijing, says The Guardian, and they are placing an excessive demand on the city's underground water reserves. China's capital sits at the centre of an arid plain, so wells are sunk to locate water.

Many of the Beijing's tens of thousands of wells are used for farming or landscaping. The state regulates the extraction of water but enforcement is "doubtful" and "inconsistent", says leading environmentalist Ma Jun.

China started looking for an engineering solution to Beijing's water crisis some years ago, says The Guardian – and a £48bn network of canals and tunnels was completed last year.

Some water wells have already been phased out and a 2015 study recommended that drilling wells near high-speed rail lines should be banned.

The international team behind the study, published in the journal Remote Sensing, are now examining in detail the potential future effects of the subsidence.

They told The Guardian they expected to publish results next year, saying: "We are currently carrying out a detailed analysis of the impacts of subsidence on critical infrastructure (eg high-speed railways) in the Beijing plain."