Could studying brain freeze lead to a cure for migraines?

As anyone who's ever wolfed down heaping spoonfuls of ice cream in the summertime can attest, the sudden jolt of "brain freeze" can be momentarily crippling. Until recently, experts understood very little about the brief, fleeting pain. But now, a new study is offering new insights into brain freeze, and might help researchers develop treatments for more serious ailments like migraines. Here, a brief guide:

What does cause "brain freeze"?

In the findings, presented at this year's Experimental Biology conference in San Diego, researchers discovered that consuming something cold — eating ice cream or drinking ice-cold water — causes "an abrupt increase in blood flow to a major artery in the brain," which is subsequently followed "by the familiar headache-like pain," says Jennifer Warner at Web MD. When the artery constricts again after the sudden rush of blood, the pain stops.

Subscribe to The Week

Escape your echo chamber. Get the facts behind the news, plus analysis from multiple perspectives.

SUBSCRIBE & SAVE

Sign up for The Week's Free Newsletters

From our morning news briefing to a weekly Good News Newsletter, get the best of The Week delivered directly to your inbox.

From our morning news briefing to a weekly Good News Newsletter, get the best of The Week delivered directly to your inbox.

Sign up

Which major artery is affected?

It's the brain's anterior cerebral artery, located in the middle of the face behind the eyes, and it has an important job. "The brain is one of the relatively important organs in the body, and it needs to be working all the time," said lead researcher Jorge Serradaor of Harvard Medical School in a statement. "It's fairly sensitive to temperature, so [expanding arteries] might be moving warm blood inside tissue to make sure the brain stays warm."

How did researchers figure this out?

Using diagnostic imaging to monitor blood flow in the subjects' heads, researchers had 13 healthy participants sip ice water (sadly, not ice cream) through a straw pressed against the upper palate. Subjects were told to raise their hands when the headache hit, and then raised them again when the pain went away.

Why is understanding ice cream headaches important?

Changes in blood flow to the brain may be important to understanding more serious ailments, says Serrador, namely little-understood migraines, which are widely thought to be associated with a brain condition, but may be linked to constricting blood vessels. "Drugs that prevent the sudden arterial dilation could potentially be an effective remedy for these debilitating migraines," says Kim Carollo at ABC News. But right now, "it's too big a leap to tie the findings to other types of headaches." As Dr. Joel Saper, director of the Michigan Headache and Neurological Institute in Ann Arbor, tells ABC News, "Not all headaches are the same."

Sources: ABC News, LiveScience, TIME, WebMD