Can Hillary Clinton convince the Republican Party that Donald Trump is a racist?

Donald Trump is not a subtle man. So when he set about to win the Republican nomination for president, he identified the most potent force within the GOP — not just anger at Washington, but anger at a changing America that gives many white people the feeling that they've been left behind — and gave it a gigantic hug. To be honest, I have no idea whether at that time Trump understood how he would be embraced by America's radical right. Something tells me that he doesn't have a particularly nuanced understanding of the ideological cross-currents of American politics, and what the implications are when you step from one to another. But as the campaign went on, he nurtured a relationship with the rightist fringe, perhaps not understanding just where it would leave him with voters.

And now, Hillary Clinton is trying to make sure that Trump pays a price not just for what he has said, but who's supporting him. She put out a web video with KKK members and other white nationalists praising Trump, then gave a speech in Reno on Thursday arguing that Trump is "taking hate groups mainstream and helping a radical fringe take over one of America's two major political parties."

The particulars may not be all that new, but it's the first time Clinton has devoted an entire speech to this critique. And the political context is that Clinton is almost where she needs to be in order to win; polls put her support at or just below 50 percent. Trump, on the other hand, trails her by somewhere between 7 and 10 points, and in order for him to pull even he needs to win over Republican moderates and independents, particularly women.

Subscribe to The Week

Escape your echo chamber. Get the facts behind the news, plus analysis from multiple perspectives.

SUBSCRIBE & SAVE

Sign up for The Week's Free Newsletters

From our morning news briefing to a weekly Good News Newsletter, get the best of The Week delivered directly to your inbox.

From our morning news briefing to a weekly Good News Newsletter, get the best of The Week delivered directly to your inbox.

Sign up

That's a big part of the reason Trump is now "reaching out" to minority groups and flailing about on immigration in an apparent attempt to "soften" his views. If he can't persuade those few undecided voters, he simply can't win.

So to stop that, Clinton presented a stinging indictment not only of the things Trump himself has said and done — charges of discrimination in his businesses, his efforts to prove that Barack Obama isn't an American citizen, his assertion that Mexicans are rapists and criminals, his proposed ban on Muslims entering the country, and so on — but also of who's surrounding him and supporting him.

She described the "alt-right" white nationalist movement — a racist, sexist, anti-Semitic fringe that sees destroying mainstream conservatism as one of its primary goals — and argued that it has essentially taken over the GOP, particularly with Trump's hiring of Stephen Bannon of Breitbart News to be CEO of his campaign. And she made an explicit appeal to Republicans to see Trump as a betrayal of their party's traditions:

There are some progressives who believe that this is the wrong approach to take, that instead of characterizing Trump as an aberration who stands apart from the Republican Party, Clinton should make the case that Trump is the purest expression of Republican ideology and tactics, the logical end point of everything they've been doing for half a century. And there's a strong case to be made there. After all, it isn't as though Trump is the first Republican who realized you could mine racial prejudice and white resentment for votes. Nixon did it, Reagan did it, George H.W. Bush did it (surely you remember Willie Horton), and Republicans at all levels have done it for decades.

The difference is that the racial appeal is usually made with at least a veneer of plausible deniability. Trump has no time for that; indeed, the fact that he didn't pussyfoot around when it came to stoking xenophobia and bigotry is a big part of why he won the Republican nomination. While the other candidates were exercising care and caution, he'd come right out and say what so many Republican voters were thinking, to their unending delight.

And that's what makes the alt-right so enthusiastic about him as well. He doesn't just say things they like; with his proud declaration that any despicable pronouncement can be justified as a blow against "political correctness," he reinforces not just their beliefs but their rhetorical style of insult and provocation.

There's another reason the alt-right is so attracted to Trump: Anxious masculinity is as central to their worldview as it is to his campaign. Among the alt-right, the most common insult to throw at someone is to call them a "cuck," a word taken from "cuckold," or a man whose wife has humiliated him by cheating on him (mainstream conservatives are called "cuckservatives"). They find much to admire in Trump's procession of ever-younger wives, his desperate assurances that his body parts are adequately sized, and the atmosphere at his rallies, where T-shirts with "Hillary sucks, but not like Monica" on one side and "Trump that bitch" on the other abound.

So is Clinton correct that Trump has mainstreamed the extremism of the alt-right? There are two ways to think about it.

One is that he didn't need to: Not only has the GOP been the party of white people for some time now, but it has gotten worse during the Obama years. Throughout that time, prominent conservative media figures like Rush Limbaugh and Bill O'Reilly have race-baited their audiences into viewing white people as under constant assault from this president, who is supposedly waging a campaign of racial vengeance against them. Conservative House Republicans killed immigration reform before Trump was a candidate. They've waged endless war on the voting rights of minorities. Republicans have long played footsie with extreme figures on the right and used bigotry to whatever advantage they could.

The other way to look at it is that while all that's true, Trump represents a qualitative change. As he so often does, Trump has taken what was implied and made it literal, and in doing so he has given license to so many to give voice to their ugliest impulses. As Clinton said in her speech, we've heard reports of a "Trump effect," in which people are expressing bigoted sentiments out loud that they used to be too ashamed to admit to publicly. We don't know how widespread that is; at the moment all we have are anecdotes.

But the answer may lie in what happens after Trump. If he loses, does the Republican Party revisit the idea of opening itself to minority groups in hopes of one day winning the White House? Or will Trumpism remain the dominant force within the GOP, shaping its approach to campaigns and governing, just waiting for a more skilled candidate to exploit it?

It will be some time before we know for sure, but for the moment, Clinton's attack on Trump could persuade more than a few Republicans that they can reject him, then return to their party once it has purged itself of his influence. But that will be no easy task.