It’s been a long time coming. No human has ventured into deep space since the final Apollo mission in 1972, but that is about to change. Four astronauts – three Americans and a Canadian – will soon be heading back to the Moon as part of Nasa’s Artemis II programme, possibly as early as 6 February and “no later than April”, according to the space agency.
Although they won’t land on our rocky satellite during the 10-day mission, they will pass just a few thousand miles from it, in a mission that promises to unlock valuable lessons for future missions – to the Moon and beyond.
What is the Artemis programme? Artemis began in 2017. Nasa’s aim was to return astronauts to the Moon and ultimately establish a permanent lunar base. In November 2022, Artemis’s Space Launch System rocket – the most powerful rocket ever built by Nasa – and its Orion capsule were launched on a 25-day crewless test flight, Artemis I, that circled the Moon only 80 miles from its surface.
What is Artemis II’s mission? The four astronauts will lift off from Nasa’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida and spend the first two days orbiting the Earth, testing their life-support systems. Then the Orion capsule will fire up its main thruster and shoot off towards the Moon on its 240,000-mile, four-day journey. It will follow a figure-of-eight path, looping around the far side of the Moon, before beginning the four-day return trip and splashing down in the Pacific Ocean.
The three Nasa astronauts on the mission– Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover and Christina Koch – have travelled to space once before. The fourth astronaut, Canadian Jeremy Hansen, will be on his maiden flight. As well as testing the various systems on board, the crew will be test subjects, helping Nasa to understand the effects that space travel has on their cognition, sleep, stress, immune responses and cardiovascular health.
What’s the next goal? If all goes well, Artemis III will be next. Slated for 2027, the mission would be the first Moon landing and the first chance for a human to walk on the lunar surface since Apollo 17 commander Eugene Cernan left his footprints there more than 50 years ago.
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