“When a river is alive, it has a sound,” Angela Ortigara, a senior adviser at WWF Netherlands, told CNN. “You hear it trickling down the rocks. You see vegetation around it. It is this flow of life.” And, said the broadcaster, “across Europe, that sound is now beginning to return”.
Environmental coalition group Dam Removal Europe has calculated that a record-breaking 603 dams were removed across the continent last year as countries embarked on a “broader reassessment of how rivers function in an era of climate extremes”.
The removals allow waterways to “resume their natural course” as part of a “global trend to restore rivers to help wildlife thrive”, said The Guardian. The damming of rivers “disrupts ecosystems, hinders the transport of sediments” and is believed to have contributed to a 75% fall in Europe’s freshwater migratory fish population over the past 56 years.
However, the wide-scale dismantling of dams and water barriers has been criticised by some farming groups and policymakers, who have raised concerns about potential impacts on land use and rural livelihoods. A study published last year found that the presence of dams could slow the spread of invasive species, while barrier removals may also allow new threats to travel from one part of a river to another.
But “with careful preparation, monitoring and long-term management, these risks can be minimised”, Ellen Dolan, a biologist at Queen’s University Belfast and lead author of the riverine barrier removal study, told The Guardian.
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