Hundreds of inmates joined the firefighters battling the wildfires in Southern California as part of a long-running controversial labor program. But while these crews brought "much-needed manpower to depleted fire crews," their presence also "revived criticism of the practice, including over their low pay for dangerous work," said The New York Times.
How do prison labor programs work? These programs have links to the passage of the 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery "except as a punishment for crime," a loophole that critics and prison rights advocates say permits exploitative labor and involuntary servitude. While the prisoners make well below minimum wage, they are part of a workforce that produces "more than $2 billion a year in goods and commodities and over $9 billion a year in services for the maintenance of the prisons where they are warehoused," the ACLU and The University of Chicago's Global Human Rights Clinic said in a 2022 joint report. In exchange, the imprisoned are paid an average of 52 cents an hour nationally — or nothing in seven states.
Why are these programs controversial? Less than 10 states have amended their constitutions to abolish forced prison labor. In many states, prison work programs persist and are sometimes mandatory. "I don't think we have gotten rid of convict leasing," Darrick Hamilton, an economist and the director of the Institute on Race, Power and Political Economy at the New School, said to The New York Times. The ACLU found that 76% of incarcerated workers said that the prison mandated working or else the workers risked facing additional punishment such as solitary confinement or loss of visitation privileges.
In 2024, voters in California and Nevada were presented with the opportunity to ban the use of prisoners as unpaid labor. Nevada's ban passed, but California voters rejected Proposition 6, which would have amended the constitution to remove language that allows involuntary servitude as a form of criminal punishment. Some imprisoned firefighters love their work, said Lori Wilson, the California Assembly member who spearheaded Prop. 6. They just wish they were paid more. |