Gentrification typically refers to the wealthy moving into once-poor neighborhoods, bidding up the price of housing, and pushing out the previous occupants, who can no longer afford the rent or property taxes. Rising housing costs are a real problem with horrible consequences — but do they have any relevance to food?
Some writers (like Mikki Kendall) think so. They have been repurposing the concept of gentrification, arguing that when wealthy people flood the market for traditionally lower-class items like kale and collard greens, they push the poor out of the market. At Bitch Media, Soleil Ho explains the reasoning like this:
...what if, as a consequence of trendiness, collard greens end up costing more across the board and the people who historically have been able to eat it simply can't afford to anymore? [Bitch Media]
I don't think this holds up.
Agricultural commodities are quite different from housing. Whereas most neighborhoods around the country sharply restrict the kind and quantity of housing one is allowed to construct, there are few such regulations on farmland. If one particular crop suddenly becomes profitable due to a surge of yuppies snatching up the latest "superfood," that's a profit opportunity for farmers, who can and will switch their fields over and make a profit, which will tend to knock the price down.
That is to say: For most single agricultural commodities, increased demand will typically translate into increased production rather than increased prices. This can be seen even in an Upworthy infographic that made the rounds on Facebook, scolding wealthy Whole Foods shoppers for starving the poor. In its telling, the number of stores selling kale increased by more than a factor of 10 in three years, yet the price only increased 25 percent! (And this is leaving other confounding factors like persistent drought in key farming regions.)
There is one notable exception: quinoa, which only grows in particular South American climates marked by high altitudes and unusual soil conditions. As such, supply is constricted and prices have increased a great deal. However, kale, collard greens, and teff (the new hotness in food trends) are all fairly tolerant species and can be grown just about anywhere.
That's not to say that overall food prices haven't risen; they certainly have. But I'd lay this at the floor of drought, crop failures, increased worldwide demand, and deregulation that allowed Wall Street speculators to pile into commodities futures markets (which was probably behind the gigantic food price spike of 2008). My point is that trends in single foods will not lead to uncontrolled price spikes because of the crop substitution effect.
Because in any case, despite all the heat and light, the reality here is that we're talking about a tiny fraction of the American agricultural market. To wit, here's an insightful chart from Lydia Depillis at The Washington Post showing a measure of kale consumption per capita compared to romaine:
Make no mistake, American food policy is completely bonkers. We subsidize and produce corn so much we're practically building houses out of it. We then feed that excess to cattle that aren't designed to eat it, which in turn makes them sick, forcing us to stuff them full of high-test antibiotics, thereby advancing daily the date at which everyone is going to die of drug-resistant super-TB. (And that's just for starters.)
Most critically, 16 percent of people don't have enough to eat. That is a monstrous fact in a nation as rich as ours — but rich people who shop at Whole Foods have little or nothing to do with it. Blame congressional Republicans (and Democrats to a lesser extent), who are doing their best to balance the budget by snatching food out of the mouths of widows and orphans.
