Spain’s leading matador “stunned the bullfighting world” last week by “symbolically cutting off his ponytail in the ring”, said The Times.
The gesture by Morante de la Puebla in Madrid’s Las Ventas, after a “triumphant” performance, signalled the retirement of “one of the greatest ever bullfighters” at the age of 46. His career, although “plagued by near-death gorings and long absences due to depression”, often “exhausted critics’ superlatives” and “injected” bullfighting with new popularity, “drawing young and old” to watch it. His resignation, which astonished even his own team, is “a blow to the tradition as public sentiment is turning against it”.
Relic of the past
Bullfights have been held on the Iberian Peninsula for at least 900 years, and are synonymous with Spanish culture. In the 1930s, dictator Francisco Franco declared it the “national fiesta”; today, bullfighting still enjoys protected status as part of Spain’s cultural heritage. “Arguably, it predates football as the first form of mass entertainment,” Duncan Wheeler, a historian at the University of Leeds, told CBC. “It’s a massive part of Spanish and European history.”
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There has always been some level of opposition. But since the explosion of pet ownership in the 1990s, interest in animal welfare has been growing and, today, increasing numbers of Spaniards view bullfighting as “an archaic practice involving unacceptable cruelty”. A study in February suggested that about 77% of Spaniards opposed bullfighting, rising to more than 80% of those under 35. Fewer than 2% of Spaniards buy tickets to bullfights, according to Spain’s Ministry of Culture. Animal rights activists are “capitalising on that diminishing support to push for total bans”.
“Bullfighting is a relic of the past,” said Cristina García, vice-president of Spain's pro-animal rights party PACMA. “We’ll keep working until there is no trace of bullfighting left in our country.”
Wrong side of history?
“Bullfighting, like boxing, once offered young men a path out of poverty,” said The Economist. But its days “seem numbered”, in Spain and in its former colonies. In Colombia, bullfighting is “on its knees”, with a “blanket prohibition” due to come into effect in 2027. In Mexico, home to the world’s largest bullring, legislators voted last year to ban bullfights. Spain’s “national fiesta” may “be on the wrong side of history”.
In 2010, Catalonia became the first Spanish region to ban bullfighting, but Spain’s constitutional court overturned the decision six years later, ruling that only the Spanish government had authority over issues relating to national cultural heritage. Since then, it has become a “defining issue in Spain’s culture wars”, said Reuters, pitting majority anti-bullfighting left-wing parties against the increasingly powerful right, who tend to support the tradition.
Now “there is a legislative war afoot”, said EuroWeekly News. In February, the popular campaign “no es mi cultura” (“it is not my culture”) garnered more than 700,000 signatures, calling for the government to remove bullfighting’s protected status. But last week Spain’s ruling Socialists abstained from a vote to debate the petition as a citizens’ initiative, saying they “neither prohibit nor promote” bullfighting. PM Pedro Sánchez’s party may “see itself as progressive”, said The Local, but the ambivalence is proof that banning or restricting bullfighting “doesn’t enter the Socialists’ plans”. After all, bullfighting still supports an industry worth an estimated €1.6 billion a year, according to a 2021 study published in Current Issues in Tourism.
As “it’s hard to envision a Spain” that isn’t governed by either the Socialists or the conservative People’s Party, “it may be even longer before there is a real national debate about whether bullfighting should stay or go”.
