Inside the dark web: could it be shut down?
The 'shrouded alleyway of the internet' is a haven for activists as well as for illicit activity
The debate surrounding children's access to the dark web is intensifying in the wake of Brianna Ghey's murder.
One of Ghey's teenaged killers, Scarlett Jenkinson, admitted in court to having watched a "mixture of violent stuff, including murder and torture", after downloading an anonymous browser called Tor to access the dark web when she was 14.
The dark web has a "notorious reputation for hosting illegal activities such as drug trafficking, weapons sales and human trafficking", said Jumpstart Magazine. But like almost all technologies, it is a mixture of "good, bad and ugly sides", with positives including providing a "haven" for journalists, activists and others "seeking anonymity for legitimate reasons".
Subscribe to The Week
Escape your echo chamber. Get the facts behind the news, plus analysis from multiple perspectives.
Sign up for The Week's Free Newsletters
From our morning news briefing to a weekly Good News Newsletter, get the best of The Week delivered directly to your inbox.
From our morning news briefing to a weekly Good News Newsletter, get the best of The Week delivered directly to your inbox.
What is the dark web and why is it dangerous?
Also known as the dark net, the dark web is "essentially the name given to all the hidden places on the internet", said Daniel Prince, a professor in security science at Lancaster University, on The Conversation. It cannot be accessed by traditional search engines such as Google and "prevents people from knowing who you are, what you are doing and where you are doing it".
One of the more common methods of tapping into what The Sun called the "shrouded alleyway of the internet" is anonymous web browser Tor, which hosts roughly 30,000 hidden sites. An acronym for The Onion Router, it was developed by the US military in the mid-1990s to allow spies to exchange information and uses multiple layers of encryption – which converts data into code that can only be read by the sender and authorised receiver.
Although Tor is legal to use in the UK and US, this "relatively small segment of the vast web has become infamous as a hotbed of illegal trade", said the London Evening Standard. Most of the illicit activity takes place in so-called "darknet" marketplaces, "where anonymous users buy and sell everything from guns to drugs to child pornography using crypto-currency".
Earlier this month, a British car mechanic who had a "secret life" as a moderator of a "horrific" child abuse site called The Annex was jailed for 16 years, said The Independent. Another man was sentenced to life in prison in the US in January for overseeing the now-defunct site, which had around 90,000 global users and lay behind a "gateway" accessed through Tor.
The dark web has also become a "home for political extremism activity", said the i news site, with sites that host propaganda material, and forums where violence against politicians is sometimes discussed.
Should and can it be banned?
Despite often hosting criminal content, the dark web "isn't inherently bad", said The Sun. Monitoring of dark web activity can provide early warning signs of potential dangers.
The dark web also "enables people to anonymously access information and resources unavailable to those who live in authoritarian governments, for example, or those in war-torn countries such as Ukraine", said The Register. Organisations including the BBC, Facebook and The New York Times have launched websites on the Tor network, to help activists, journalists and whistle-blowers maintain their anonymity. These "benign and legitimate" uses of the dark web present an "argument to not limit its availability".
An outright ban might "not be ethical or enforceable", said The Sun, as it is "extremely difficult" to prevent access to and monitor use of the dark web.
Campaigners including Ghey's mother have called for the toughening of the Online Safety Bill, which passed into law last October, to try to protect young people from extreme content.
But there is no legal or technological silver bullet for this "complicated problem", said Ciaran Martin, former CEO of the National Cyber Security Centre. "Technological limitations" mean it is "not really possible" to "just block access to dark web browsers", he told BBC Radio 4's "Today".
Calling for a greater focus instead on teaching young people about the potential dangers, Martin said: "We educate children in schools about sharing indecent images when they're underage, we should be educating them about the dark web as well."
Sign up for Today's Best Articles in your inbox
A free daily email with the biggest news stories of the day – and the best features from TheWeek.com
-
Saint Paul de Vence: a paradise for art lovers
The Week Recommends The hilltop gem in the French Riviera where 20th century modernism flourished
By Alexandra Zagalsky Published
-
'People in general want workers to earn a decent living'
Instant Opinion Opinion, comment and editorials of the day
By Justin Klawans, The Week US Published
-
What might a Trump victory mean for the global economy?
Today's Big Question A second term in office for the 'America First' administration would send shockwaves far beyond the United States' shores
By Rafi Schwartz, The Week US Published
-
The Internet Archive is under attack
Under the Radar The non-profit behind open access digital library was hit with both a data breach and a stream of DDoS attacks in one week
By Theara Coleman, The Week US Published
-
How UK companies are tracking their employees
The Explainer PwC is latest to use geo-location to monitor workers, in 'sinister' increasingly widespread trend
By Chas Newkey-Burden, The Week UK Published
-
The data centres that power the internet
The Explainer They are absolutely central to modern life, but data centres are increasingly proving a cause for concern
By The Week UK Published
-
AI is cannibalizing itself. And creating more AI.
The Explainer Artificial intelligence consumption is outpacing the data humans are creating
By Devika Rao, The Week US Published
-
What's dark data and why is it bad for the environment?
The explainer Data is being used and discarded, but still clogging servers
By Devika Rao, The Week US Published
-
Questions arise over the use of an AI crime-fighting tool
Under the Radar The tool was used in part to send a man to prison for life
By Justin Klawans, The Week US Published
-
The war against AI bots is still really about privacy versus money
The explainer Is this the real life? Is this technology?
By Devika Rao, The Week US Published
-
There's one thing AI can't do: be funny
The Explainer But will the technology's hilarity evolve? Some experts think so.
By Anya Jaremko-Greenwold, The Week US Published