What will happen to Ukraine’s captured Mariupol troops?

Ukraine is doing “everything possible and impossible” to save troops being evacuated from the besieged Azovstal steel works to areas controlled by Russian-backed separatists, a senior official has said.

More than 260 soldiers have been taken from the massive factory complex since Monday after spending 82 days under relentless bombing. Petro Andryushchenko, an advisor to Mariupol’s mayor, has also accused Moscow of deploying phosphorus bombs in an effort to force the troops out of the steel works.

According to Reuters, 256 fighters were evacuated on Monday and seven buses left the site yesterday. But fear is growing over what will happen next after Russian prosecutors said they would be questioned in an investigation into what Moscow has called “Ukrainian regime crimes against Donbas civilians”, the BBC reported.

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Prisoners of war

Hundreds of Ukrainian soldiers, including troops from the Marines, National Guard, Azov regiment, border guards, police and territorial defence units, have been “holed up” inside the steel works since Mariupol was surrounded in early March, the BBC said.

Also caught up in the fighting were “a number of civilians with young children”.

A “sprawling four-square-mile complex” that was “designed to survive a nuclear war”, the “maze of tunnels” has faced an intense Russian bombardment, the broadcaster added, resulting in widespread injuries and shortages of key medical provisions.

The soldiers, some of whom were “carried on stretchers”, ended their “weeks of resistance” on Monday, The Times said, bringing to an end “the most devastating siege of Russia’s war” so far.

They have since been transferred to a former penal colony in the Russian-controlled town of Olenivka near Donetsk, according to Reuters.

Ukraine has said it wants the troops “to be exchanged for captured Russian soldiers as part of an evacuation deal confirmed by Moscow”, the BBC reported.

Deputy Defence Minister Hanna Maliar said Kyiv was doing “everything possible and impossible” to bring them home, adding that authorities are aware of the number of troops still inside the steel works.

Describing the soldiers as “our heroes”, she said: “We understand the scope of the rescue operation, but it is also sensitive information, and it will not be disclosed until the rescue operation is completed.”

Death penalty

While officials in Ukraine are working to secure the release of the captured troops, Russian MPs and former military commanders have “urged Vladimir Putin to tear up plans for a prisoner swap”, The Telegraph reported.

Russian “hardliners” have instead “called for the death penalty for the soldiers”, the paper said, ‘who have been portrayed as Nazis by the Kremlin to justify the invasion”.

Leonid Slutsky, a prominent MP and a deputy of the State Duma, said: “In case their horrendous crimes against humanity are proven, I would like to revive my idea to lift the moratorium on capital punishment in Russia and let the court consider using it.”

Igor Girkin, a retired Russian military intelligence officer who fought in eastern Ukraine in 2014, shared a post on Telegram that said: “Azov is one of the best-trained battalions whose main goal is to eliminate all Russian and Soviet people. That’s why no one of them can stay alive. Not a single one of them.”

The ex-senior military figure wrote that he agreed with “every word” of the post.

Vyacheslav Volodin, chair of the State Duma, also joined the chorus of voices calling for the soldiers to be put to death, telling the Russian parliament that the “Nazi criminals” should not be liable for a prisoner swap. “These are war criminals. We should do our best to get them to face justice,” he added.

Putin did not comment on the calls for the prisoners of war to face the death penalty, saying only that they would be treated “in line with the relevant international laws”.

‘Pyrrhic victory’

Mykhailo Podolyak, a senior adviser to President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, celebrated the captured fighters’ bravery, telling reporters that their refusal to flee from the steel works bought valuable time for the Ukrainian armed forces.

“Azovstal defenders ruined Russia’s plan to capture the east of Ukraine, took a hit on themselves and proved the real combat capability of Ukraine,” he said. “This completely changed the course of the war.”

Zelenskyy said in a video address last night that Ukrainian military, intelligence and negotiating teams, aided by the Red Cross and the UN, are all involved in the evacuation operation, adding: “Ukraine needs its heroes alive.”

Ukrainian MP Lesia Vasylenko told the BBC that it was vital a deal is struck for the soldiers, warning that anything less would mean “the fate of these very brave men will be absolutely unknown and will be in Russian hands, which is far from an ideal situation”.

Whatever happens next, “the resolute defence of the Azovstal steel works” has come to “represent a broader Ukrainian defiance”, said The Times’s Middle East correspondent Richard Spencer.

Since the invasion began, “Russian advances have met a resistance on the Ukrainian side that is both military and political”. And that opposition has allowed “Ukraine’s leadership to win sympathy and then military support from around the world”.

Putin may now be able to claim “victory over Azovstal” and the “capture of Mariupol”, Spencer added. But the portrayal of the city’s defenders around the globe has ensured that the triumph of Russia’s invaders will remain a “pyrrhic” one.