John Constable has had to wait almost 200 years to get a solo show at the Royal Academy, said Rachel Campbell-Johnston in The Times. Given his reputation now, that might seem odd to us; but I doubt it would have surprised him: he was rather used to being overlooked.
Few of the “world-famous images we recognise from a million reproductions ever sold from the walls of the Royal Academy”: one of his early works was rejected by the Summer Exhibition in 1802, and The Hay Wain failed to sell there in 1821. It wasn’t until 1829, when he was 52, that the institution deigned to elect him as a member. By which time it was too late: his “beloved wife” Maria had passed away, leaving him and his seven children bereft; he himself died “suddenly and unexpectedly” in 1837.
Small wonder, then, that “a mood of sadness” hangs over this exhibition, which focuses on the final part of Constable’s career, when he broke free of contemporary conventions to forge “a radical new artistic language”. The show brings together a host of the thrilling canvases he produced in the last 12 years of his life, in which “skies are stirred by dark storms”, light and shadow are depicted as “exhilarated dramas” and even the “beloved landscapes of Constable’s native Suffolk are pervaded by an apocalyptic urgency”.
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The exhibition completely overturns Constable’s reputation as a traditionalist, said Alastair Sooke in The Daily Telegraph. Instead, he is unmasked as “a fiercely experimental modern artist”. From around 1825, when the show picks up the story, Constable started using paint to “evoke changeable British climatic conditions and the experience of being outside” – a radical move at the time.
In an 1828 view of Dedham Vale, “speckles of ochre paint sprout like lichen” across the foreground, summoning a sense of the “squelchy English countryside”. His depiction of the ruins of Hadleigh Castle endows the adjacent Thames Estuary with an “odoriferous saline tang”, while the hovering birds above are rendered in paint so thick they take on the appearance of “gulls beset by an oil slick”.
Constable’s innovations are balanced by his “nostalgia” for a “world that factories were already starting to destroy”, said Jonathan Jones in The Guardian. Bucolic scenes such as those in his “glorious” The Cornfield are not imagined: they are the “last lovely glimpses” of a pre-industrial society.
More affecting still is Cenotaph to the Memory of Sir Joshua Reynolds, a “powerful” work in which a stag approaches a monument to the artist in a wooded glade; the cenotaph, we learn, was built by Sir George Beaumont, an important patron of Constable’s who had died a few years before the painting’s completion. This mysterious work is a haunting evocation of “death and sorrow” that will see visitors “walk out of the exhibition on a carpet of autumnal grief”. This show is a “wuthering” tribute to the genius of a “confoundingly poetic” painter. Don’t miss it.
Royal Academy, London W1 (020-7300 8090, royalacademy.org.uk). Until 13 February
