An Italian surgeon claims to have carried out the world's first head transplant on a monkey and plans to repeat the procedure on a living human by the end of next year.
Professor Sergio Canavero, working with researchers in China and South Korea, says he successfully grafted the head of a rhesus monkey on to the body of another at the Harbin Medical University in China.
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Valery Spiridinov, a 31-year old Russian computer scientist who suffers from a rare muscle-wasting disease, is hoping to be the first person to have a head transplant in a "landmark" experiment set to be carried out by Christmas 2017.
The procedure has been greeted with scepticism from the scientific community along with condemnation from animal rights groups. Canavero's chief colleague in the experiment, Dr Xiaoping Ren, has already come under fire after admitting he had carried out head-transplant experiments on more than 1,000 mice.
As for self-described "maverick" Canavero, he caused a "worldwide storm" when, in an interview with New Scientist last year, he said he would be ready to transplant a human head within two years.
The fact he has gone public with the latest results before they have been officially published has also "raised eyebrows", said the publication yesterday. Official accounts of the procedure are set to be released in the journals Surgery and CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics over the next few months.
"It's science through public relations," said Arthur Caplan, a bioethicist at New York University School of Medicine. "When it gets published in a peer-reviewed journal, I'll be interested. I think the rest of it is BS."