On Monday, Emma Lazarus wept.
Lazarus, of course, was the poet who celebrated that the United States welcomes the tired, the poor, the huddled masses of other lands. But on Monday, the Trump administration unveiled a new immigration policy that upends that tradition. The poor are no longer welcome. Instead, the immigrants with the best chances at getting past the gatekeepers and settling in America going forward will be rich, credentialed, and white.
Under the new policy, federal authorities will use "aggressive" wealth tests to reject residency or citizenship for an immigrant "because he or she is likely at any time to become a public charge" — receiving food stamps or other taxpayer-funded welfare state benefits. And officials can make that determination by considering the migrant's "age; health; family status; assets, resources, and financial status; and education and skills."
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In other words, the best way to avoid deportation under this new policy is to not be poor. This is a betrayal of America's historic promise: The immigrants who arrived at Ellis Island a century ago did not, for the most part, come here on private yachts or in first-class berths. They came here to build new lives for themselves, and in the process, helped build their new country.
In practice, the new rule almost certainly means that more European migrants will go to the front of the line, and people of color will go to the back. According to the Pew Research Center, Mexicans comprise the largest group of migrants to the United States, but they are the group that most often arrives without a high school education. Migrants from Europe are the least likely to do so. And the Social Security Administration has found that first-generation immigrants from Europe and Japan "have initial earnings approaching or exceeding" other groups, including their U.S.-born counterparts. That's the kind of information immigration officials will use to determine who is economically viable — and thus ostensibly worthy of residency in the United States — and who is not.
It seems unlikely that the racial component of this is an accident. Trump, after all, once famously lamented the influx of migrants from "shithole countries" and pined for more arrivals from Norway. It was not difficult to understand what he meant. Rule-making on explicitly racial grounds would be vulnerable to a legal challenge, however. Which makes wealth a useful — if dubious — proxy.
Administration officials tried to make the new rule sound reasonable. "The benefit to taxpayers is a long-term benefit of seeking to ensure that our immigration system is bringing people to join us as American citizens, as legal permanent residents first, who can stand on their own two feet, who will not be reliant on the welfare system, especially in the age of the modern welfare state which is so expansive and expensive," said Ken Cuccinelli, the acting director of United States Citizenship and Immigration Services.
That rationale is true, though only if you judge the benefits and costs of immigration by the accomplishments of first-generation immigrants. Over time, immigrants and their families make America better. Immigrants are more likely than native-born Americans to be entrepreneurs. Their sons and daughters earn as much as other U.S. adults, are just as likely to be homeowners, and are more likely to be college graduates. Immigration is a multigenerational process, and — with some exceptions for violent felons — we should judge it as such. Hispanic immigrants, as a group, make giant economic strides in their second generation. A few months of food stamp use is a blip compared to lifetimes of accomplishments and contributions to the country. It's an investment in the future of America, really.
Trump's new policy is an indirect method of returning America to the days of its pre-1965 immigration law, when a quota system encouraged European migration and discouraged others. Back then, it wasn't wealth that was used to sort the "good" immigrants from the "bad" ones, it was literacy tests. The method is different, but the effect will probably be the same. Trump is doing everything he can to make immigration white again.
