Briefing

How the Times Square New Year's Eve ball drop has changed over the years

Why the 116-year-old New York City tradition began, and what it's looked like through the decades

On Dec. 31, or New Year's Eve, thousands of people will gather in New York City's Times Square for the annual ritual of watching the spectacularly lit ball drop to ring in the new year. Millions more will tune in from home to witness the chaotic revelry of the Times Square celebration, a tradition that started as early as 1904, according to the Time Square Alliance. The time ball was introduced to the party in 1907 and has been lowered yearly, except for 1942 and 1943, due to wartime blackouts. 2020 was the first time since its inception that people were barred from witnessing the ball drop in person due to the COVID-19 pandemic, though the event returned to normal the following year

Here's a brief timeline of the evolution of the Times Square New Year's Eve Ball drop.

1

1907

An early illustration of Times Square

New York Public Library Digital Collections

The first New Year's Eve Ball was commissioned by Adolph Ochs, publisher of The New York Times, per the Times Square Alliance. Ochs began throwing New Year's Eve parties in 1905 to celebrate the Times' new headquarters in the eponymous square in Manhattan, including dazzling fireworks displays from atop the One Times Square building. When he could not secure a fireworks permit for his 1907 celebration, he commissioned signmaker and metalworker Jacob Starr to create a visual display. Starr created a time ball inspired by the 19th-century nautical devices used to help sailors coordinate their time while at sea. The ball was made of wood and iron and covered with a hundred 25-watt light bulbs. It weighed 700 pounds and was five feet in diameter. For most of the 20th century, Starr's sign company Artkraft Strauss was responsible for lowering the Ball. 

His granddaughter, Tama Starr, who served as foreperson of the Times Square ball drop for many years, told CNN, "The idea was to ... have it illuminated with the brand-new electricity that had just come up to the neighborhood. And it was lowered by hand ... starting at one minute to midnight, and that was the way it was done for many years."

2

1920

New Year's Eve celebrants in front of the Astor Hotel in Times Square for the annual New Year's Eve celebration in 1939

Bettmann / Contributor/ Getty Images

In 1920, Artkraft Strauss designed a new ball for the traditional drop. The design weighed only 400 pounds and was made entirely of wrought iron. It lacked some of the dazzling lighting that we've come to associate with the celebratory ball. The second iteration of the Times Square ball would be used for the next 35 years of New Year's Eve celebrations.

3

1955

 350,000 revelers gather to welcome the new year in New York's Times Square, Jan. 1, 1958

AP Photo/ Uncredited photographer

Artkraft Strauss redesigned the ball again in 1955. The wrought iron ball was replaced with an aluminum ball that kept the same dimensions as its predecessors, though it weighed only 150 pounds. The aluminum ball was used throughout the rest of the 20th century, remaining largely unchanged until the 1980s.

4

1981

Mayor Ed Koch gives the thumbs up sign as he flips a switch to test the Big Apple Ball, Thursday, Dec. 24, 1981 in New York

AP Photo/Lederhandler

From 1981 to 1988, former New York City mayor Ed Koch redesigned the ball with red light bulbs and a green stem to convert the ball into an apple. The Big Apple design was part of the city's "I Love New York" marketing campaign to drum up tourism in the face of waning popularity during the crime-ridden era. After seven years, the traditional white aluminum ball made its comeback until the ball's next major update.

5

1995

 Workers check lightbulbs on the New Year's Eve Ball in Times Square 30 December 1998

STAN HONDA / Stringer/Getty Images

The aluminum ball was upgraded in 1995 with new aluminum skin, rhinestones, strobes, and computerized controls. The technological advancements changed how the ball drop was facilitated, eliminating the need for sign makers to run the ceremony. Artkraft Strauss, the company that brought the ball drop tradition to Times Square, was no longer needed to oversee the event, per CNN. The Times Square Alliance says the aluminum ball remained in use until it was retired after New Year's Eve 1998.

6

2000

Steven Goldmacher of Philips Lighting Company screws in one of the 168 light bulbs in the Times Square New Year's Eve ball 20 December 1999 in New York

DOUG KANTER / Stringer/Getty Images

The fourth ball was created for Times Square 2000, celebrating the beginning of the 21st century. Waterford Crystal and Philips Lighting designed the crystal millennium ball, completely rehauling the technology and visual design for the turn of the century. The crystal ball was six feet in diameter, and weighed 1,070 pounds. The elaborate lighting comprised over 600 halogen light bulbs and nearly 100 strobes and mirrors encased by Waterford crystal triangles. At the time, the innovative ball was the most technologically advanced in the tradition's history.

7

2007

Crystal centennial ball on display at 100th Anniversary of the Times Square New Year's Eve Ball Drop kickoff at Macy's on November 7, 2007

Shawn Ehlers / Contributor/ Getty Images

For the centennial anniversary of the Times Square ball drop, Waterford Crystal and Philips Lighting created a new crystal ball to rival their first collaboration. For the Centennial Ball, they replaced the previous century's incandescent and halogen light bulbs with new Philips Luxeon LED bulbs. The state-of-the-art technology allowed for elaborate color combinations and spectacular brightness. Phillips equipped the 1,415-pound ball with over 9,500 energy-efficient LEDs to illuminate 600-plus crystals encasement.

8

2009

The Big Ball, illuminated in blue, goes through the Philips Ball Test at Times Square on December 30, 2015 in New York City

Theo Wargo / Staff/ Getty Images

Inspired by the energy efficiency and beauty of the crystal Centennial Ball, the owners of One Times Square decided to have a permanent ball fixture set on top of the building in 2009. Waterford Crystal and Philips Lighting came together again to create the latest variant, the "Big Ball." It is covered in 2,688 Waterford Crystal triangles, encasing  32,256 Philips Luxeon LED lights. It was also made weatherproof so that it could sparkle down over Times Square year-round. The Big Ball weighs nearly six tons and is twelve feet in diameter.

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