Is sitting down the new smoking?
Research suggests that sedentary lifestyles cost the NHS around £700m a year, increasing the risk of chronic health problems
Spending too much time sitting down may contribute to tens of thousands of deaths a year in the UK, according to new research. The findings have prompted some experts to compare the negative effects of a sedentary lifestyle to those of smoking.
Teams of researchers at Queen’s University and Ulster University in Belfast found that sedentary lifestyles could be linked to almost 70,000 of the deaths in Britain at an annual cost of £700m to the NHS.
In recent years, the number of health conditions associated with prolonged periods of sitting has made for “uncomfortable reading”, the Daily Mail says. These include cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, certain forms of cancer (such as lung cancer) and premature death from all causes.
Subscribe to The Week
Escape your echo chamber. Get the facts behind the news, plus analysis from multiple perspectives.
Sign up for The Week's Free Newsletters
From our morning news briefing to a weekly Good News Newsletter, get the best of The Week delivered directly to your inbox.
From our morning news briefing to a weekly Good News Newsletter, get the best of The Week delivered directly to your inbox.
The newspaper says that sitting seems to have such a negative impact on our health “that some have dubbed it the new smoking”.
But not everyone is convinced by this comparison. A late 2018 study published in the American Journal of Public Health says that although sitting “has frequently been equated with smoking, with some sources even suggesting that smoking is safer than sitting”, sitting and smoking are “not comparable”.
How inactive are we and why is sitting down so bad?
According to the NHS, many adults in the UK “spend more than seven hours a day sitting or lying [down], and this typically increases with age to 10 hours or more”.
The health service warns that spending this much time sitting down increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer and other forms of premature death.
In the study published this week, the researchers took into account factors including people’s smoking status, body mass index (BMI) and exercise.
They argued that if sedentary behaviour was eliminated in the UK, 9% of cases of colon cancer, 8% of endometrial cancer and 7.5% of lung cancer could be prevented, as well as 17% of cases of type 2 diabetes and about 5% of cardiovascular disease cases, The Guardian reports.
According to previous research, prolonged sitting leads to raised cholesterol, causing heart problems. It also increases the risk of diabetes by changing the behaviour of insulin, a hormone that keeps blood sugar levels within the normal range by absorbing excess sugar in cells.
Research suggests that prolonged sitting “reduces the activity of some of the enzymes responsible for this kind of clear up”, the Daily Mail says, “leaving more fats and sugar circulating in the blood”.
Sitting for long periods of time can also spark musculoskeletal disorders and mental health conditions that are not included in the Belfast study, says the newspaper.
Dr Mike Brannan of Public Health England says: “Even if you are physically active, sitting for long periods of time damages your health and greatly increases your risks of a broad range of health conditions.”
Is there a case for comparing sitting to smoking?
Despite the warnings from researchers, the adverse effects of sitting “aren’t equal” to those of smoking, Healthline says.
“This falsified idea has been propagated in a number of different circles, including the scientific community and the media”, the medical service adds.
In a study published in the American Journal of Public Health, researchers claim that the health risks associated with smoking “far outweigh” those for sitting. They add that a previous study of 1.2 million people across 54 countries revealed that sitting time was responsible for 3.8% of all-cause mortality, while 21% of deaths among men and 17% among women were “attributable to smoking”.
This week’s research suggests that 11.6% of all deaths in the UK are linked to sedentary behaviour. This places the figure far below the risks associated with smoking.
The study also said that the financial impact of sitting on the NHS was far lower than that of smoking. Despite showing that sitting down for at least six hours a day is “behind £424m of spending on cardiovascular disease, £281m on type 2 diabetes and £30m on colon cancer” – a total of £735m – research in 2017 revealed that smoking may cost the NHS upwards of £6bn per year, The Daily Telegraph reports.
What can be done about it?
The NHS says that if adults wish to sit down less throughout the day, they should use their commutes and working hours to stand.
The health service suggests standing on the train or bus while commuting, taking the stairs, setting a reminder to get up every 30 minutes, placing a laptop on a box to work standing up and walking to a co-worker's desk instead of emailing or calling.
At home, the NHS suggests swapping some TV time for more active tasks or hobbies, and giving children a daily screen time limit. It also suggests making the bedroom a TV and computer-free zone.
Sign up for Today's Best Articles in your inbox
A free daily email with the biggest news stories of the day – and the best features from TheWeek.com
-
5 hilariously spirited cartoons about the spirit of Christmas
Cartoons Artists take on excuses, pardons, and more
By The Week US Published
-
Inside the house of Assad
The Explainer Bashar al-Assad and his father, Hafez, ruled Syria for more than half a century but how did one family achieve and maintain power?
By The Week UK Published
-
Sudoku medium: December 22, 2024
The Week's daily medium sudoku puzzle
By The Week Staff Published
-
Should blood donors be paid?
The Explainer Financial rewards would help fill NHS shortfall but bring risk of contamination and exploitation, WHO warns
By The Week UK Published
-
UK gynaecological care crisis: why thousands of women are left in pain
The Explainer Waiting times have tripled over the past decade thanks to lack of prioritisation or funding for women's health
By Harriet Marsden, The Week UK Published
-
A 'transformative' gene therapy for haemophilia B
The Explainer Costly treatment that could be 'truly life-changing' for patients with rare blood disorder gets funding boost
By Julia O'Driscoll, The Week UK Published
-
Infected blood scandal: will justice be served?
Today's Big Question Government apologises for 'decades-long moral failure' and promises £10bn compensation but true accountability may take far longer
By Harriet Marsden, The Week UK Published
-
The complicated problem of banning menthol cigarettes
The Explainer Banning menthol smokes will save lives, public health officials say. But this is an election year.
By Harold Maass, The Week US Published
-
Immunotherapy and hay fever
The Explainer Research shows that the treatment could provide significant relief from symptoms for many hay fever sufferers
By Richard Windsor, The Week UK Published
-
The pros and cons of universal health care
Pros and Cons A medical system that serves everyone comes with its own costs, and they're not only financial
By Rebecca Messina, The Week UK Last updated
-
Martha's Rule: patients given right to urgent second opinion
The Explainer Hospitals in England will launch new scheme that will allow access to a rapid treatment review
By Richard Windsor, The Week UK Published