The swastika, a symbol most associate with the horrors of Nazi Germany, still adorns flags and military insignia in Finland.
Critics argue that the emblem should be consigned to the history books owing to its racist connotations, but the Finnish government has repeatedly rejected calls to restrict its use.
Where and why is it used?
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Finland has used the ancient symbol on monuments, awards and decorations for nearly a century, says the national broadcaster Yle.
The swastika, which is also a Hindu symbol of peace, was used by many in the West as a symbol of good luck during the early 20th century and was a common architectural motif in Finland during the 1920s and 1930s.
It was also favoured by Finnish artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela, who featured it on his designs for military insignia, including the Cross of Liberty.
The swastika is displayed on the flag of the president of Finland and appeared on Finnish Air Force planes until 1945.
“It had nothing to do with the Nazis, because we got it 1918, much before the Nazis ever existed,” says retired Lt Col Kai Mecklin, director of the Finnish Air Force Museum.
The swastika has “always been a symbol of independence and freedom” in Finland, he adds.
Should Finland stop using it?
Some see the persistence of the swastika in Finnish culture as problematic, “particularly with Finland situated between two regions for whom the swastika symbolises not freedom, but its Nazi opposite”, says The Christian Science Monitor’s Gordan Sander.
And as Finland’s far-right “becomes increasingly restive, it could force Finns to change the way they consider the symbol’s place in their modern society”, he adds.
Teivo Teivainen, professor of world politics at the University of Helsinki, says the authorities are quick to dismiss criticism of the military’s continued use of the swastika.
“When I talk to top politicians or people in the military about it, normally the response is that it has nothing to do with the swastika of the Nazis, it predates the swastika of the Nazis. End of conversation,” he says.
“To this day, I haven’t, found convincing arguments why using the swastika would be beneficial for Finland,” Teivainen adds. “I think the case for getting rid of the swastika is stronger than the case for keeping it.”
But former air force pilot Mecklin says banning the symbol would send the wrong message.
“If we now deny the use, or stop using the swastika, we could give a signal abroad that actually it was a Nazi symbol in Finland - which it never was,” he argues. “We are still proud of it and still using it.”
Meanwhile, the government remains opposed to even considering a ban. “At the present time, the Ministry of Defence has no plans to restrict or review the use of the swastika,” a military spokesperson said.
