Are plastic toys dangerous?

UK consumers shopping for children this Christmas have been warned to avoid plastic toys after a large number of them were found to contain chemicals banned by the European Union.

In 2018, the EU’s “rapid alert system”, which shares information between European countries about non-food products found to pose a health risk, tested 1,996 consumer products of all types for traces of dangerous chemicals. More than a quarter, 563 in all, failed chemical tests.

Of these 563 products, 290 of them were toys found to contain illegally high levels of toxins. Most of the offending items were plastic dolls, any of which could be on sale on British high streets, The Guardian reports.

The European Environmental Bureau (EEB), an international environmental group that works closely with the EU, reports that more toys failed chemical checks than any other type of product, “including clothing (42), cosmetics (91), jewellery (51) and even protective equipment (5)”.

Banned chemicals found in the toys include boron, cadmium and phthalates, which can cause both short-term health issues such as diarrhoea and vomiting and serious longer-term medical problems like cancer and infertility.

Studies suggest that exposure to these chemicals has been linked to birth defects and developmental issues.

The EEB found that:

• Nearly half of all “slime” toys contained unacceptably high levels of boron
• Many Christmas light brands were found to contain lead and cadmium
• “Squishies”, small foam animals, were found to contain phthalates

The EEB says that the EU has not done enough to combat the sale of toys containing toxic chemicals, and has accused the bloc of delaying meaningful legislation to keep them off shelves.

Tatiana Santos, the group’s chemicals policy manager, said: “Manufacturers do not fear the law and government inspectors are outnumbered and outgunned. We need proper chemicals control and enforcement more than ever. Yet the EU last week put a wide-ranging and overdue strategy to tackle the problem on ice. It should reverse that decision.

“In the meantime, shoppers this Christmas might want to try and avoid plastic toys altogether.”

The UN has also weighed in on the issue. Baskut Tuncak, the body’s special rapporteur on hazardous substances and wastes, called chemical exposure “a silent pandemic of disease, disability and premature death” that has become more widespread “in significant part due to childhood exposure during sensitive periods of development”.

Chemical Watch notes that a separate study into toxic chemicals in toys by the governments of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia, found that 92% of toys containing illegal levels of phthalates carried the “CE” marking that indicates “conformity with health, safety, and environmental protection standards for products sold within the European Economic Area”.

This is technically out of the EU’s control, as a CE marking is a declaration by the producer that all the relevant requirements were met at production stage.

Geert Dancet, former executive director of the European Chemicals Agency, told Euractiv last week that “in plastics, there are thousands of players”, making it “difficult for them to organise a comprehensive strategy that says the industry can self-regulate”.

“I believe a lot in self-regulation but it’s under-developed,” he added. “It can replace real regulation, which is so difficult these days to get through the decision-making process.”